Technical Specifications.pdf

02200 - 1

EARTHWORK

SECTION 02200 - EARTHWORK

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1. SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Stripping and stockpiling topsoil.

2. Mass grading (earth and rock).

3. Preparing subgrade for pavements.

1.2. DEFINITIONS

A. Excavation consists of removal of material encountered to subgrade elevations and limits indicated and subsequent disposal or placement as fill of materials removed.

B. Unauthorized excavation consists of removal of materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations or dimensions without specific direction of Owner’s Representative.

Unauthorized excavation, as well as remedial work directed by Owner’s Representative, shall be at Contractor’s expense.

1. Under footings, foundation bases, or retaining walls, fill unauthorized excavation by extending indicated bottom elevation of footing or base to stable excavation bottom, without altering required top elevation. Lean concrete fill may be used to bring elevations to proper position, when reviewed by the Engineer.

2. In locations other than those above, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as specified for authorized excavations of same classification, unless otherwise reviewed by Engineer.

C. Additional Excavation: When excavation has reached required subgrade elevations and all groundwater removed, notify Owner’s Representative, who will make an inspection of conditions. If Owner’s Representative determines that bearing materials at required subgrade elevations are unsuitable, continue excavation until a suitable subgrade can be established as determined by the Owner’s Representative and replace excavated material as directed by Owner’s Representative. Construction fabric will be required.

1. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will be paid on basis of Conditions of the Contract relative to established unit prices.

D. Subgrade: The undisturbed earth or the compacted soil layer immediately below granular subbase, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.

E. Structure: Buildings, foundations, slabs, manholes, tanks, curbs, or other man-made stationary features occurring above or below ground surface.

F. Rock: Determined as the excavation of material that requires the use of special rock excavation equipment such as rippers, rock wheels, hoe ram or drilling and blasting.

1.3. SUBMITTALS

A. Submit to the Owner’s Representative for approval, samples of soil material product to be used, including relevant geotechnical details such as gradation.

B. Prior to the start of work, submit to the Owner’s Representative for approval a finished grade plan, which indicates the proposed finished grades of the areas within the Contractor’s scope of work and adjacent areas as needed to indicate drainage path(s).

C. Waste Disposal Plan: Provide a waste disposal plan.

D. The Contractor shall prepare and submit an Excavation Plan fully coordinated with the owner to ensure compliance with shipping requirements while working on or around working wall.

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E. Test Reports: When testing is required to be performed by the Contractor, submit the following reports directly to the Engineer and the Owner’s Representative from the testing services.

1. Field reports; in-place soil density tests.

2. One optimum moisture-maximum density curve for each type of soil encountered.

3. Report of actual unconfined compressive strength and/or results of bearing tests of each strata tested.

4. All other field or material testing related to the Contract.

1.4. QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Codes and Standards: Perform excavation work in compliance with applicable requirements.

B. Testing and Inspection Service: Unless otherwise noted in Supplemental Conditions or on the Drawings, the Contractor will employ and pay for a qualified independent Geotechnical testing and inspection laboratory to perform soil testing and inspection service during earthwork operations.

C. Testing Laboratory Qualifications: To qualify for acceptance, the Geotechnical testing laboratory must demonstrate to the satisfaction of Owner’s Representative, that it has the experience and capability to conduct required field and laboratory Geotechnical testing without delaying the progress of the Work, based on evaluation of laboratory-submitted criteria conforming to ASTM E 699.

1.5. PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Existing Utilities: Locate existing underground utilities in areas of excavation work. If utilities are indicated to remain in place, provide adequate means of support and protection during and after earthwork operations.

1. Should unanticipated piping or other utilities be encountered during excavation, consult utility owner immediately for directions. Cooperate with Owner and utility companies in keeping respective services and facilities in operation. Repair damaged utilities under the direction of and to the satisfaction of the utility owner.

2. Do not interrupt existing utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others, except when permitted in writing by Owner’s Representative and then only after acceptable temporary utility services have been provided.

a. Provide minimum of 48-hour notice to Owner’s Representative and utility company, and receive written notice to proceed before interrupting any utility.

3. Demolish and completely remove from site existing underground utilities indicated to be removed. Coordinate with utility companies for shutoff of services if lines are active.

B. Protection of Persons and Property: Barricade open excavations occurring as part of this work and post with warning lights.

1. Operate warning lights as recommended OSHA.

2. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.

3. Perform excavation by hand within dripline of large trees to remain. Protect root systems from damage or dryout to the greatest extent possible. Maintain moist condition for root system and cover exposed roots with moistened burlap.

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PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1. SOIL MATERIALS

A. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel or crushed stone meeting requirements of NYSDOT Standard Specifications 304-2.02 Type 1 or as shown on drawings.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1. EXCAVATION

A. Excavation: Unclassified and includes excavation to subgrade elevations indicated, regardless of character of materials and obstructions encountered unless the use of rock equipment or blasting is required.

3.2. STABILITY OF EXCAVATIONS

A. General: Comply with local codes, ordinances, and requirements of OSHA.

3.3. EXCAVATION FOR PAVEMENTS

A. Excavate surface under pavements to comply with cross-sections, pavement details, elevations and grades as indicated on Drawings. Where subbase varies in depth, grade subgrade to ensure proper drainage without trapping water.

3.4. COLD WEATHER PROTECTION

A. Protect excavation bottoms against freezing when atmospheric temperature is less than 35 degrees F.

3.5. GRADING

A. General: Uniformly grade areas within limits of grading under this section, including adjacent transition areas. Smooth finished surface within specified tolerances, compact with uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are indicated or between such points and existing grades.

B. Grading Outside Building Lines: Grade areas adjacent to building lines to drain away from buildings and other structures and to prevent ponding. Finished grade shall allow for drainage towards existing drainage structures, or other areas approved by the Owner’s Representative. Finish grade shall be free from irregular surfaces, uniform and sealed with a steel drum roller. Bring mass grading to plus or minus 1/10 of a foot of the subgrade indicated on the Drawings.

C. Grading Surface under Building or Structures: Grade smooth and even, free of voids, compacted as specified, and to required elevation. Provide final grades within a tolerance of 1 inch when tested with a 10-foot straightedge.

D. Compaction: After grading, compact subgrade surfaces to 95% of maximum dry density for each area classification.

E. At the end of each workday, take necessary action to seal grades and promote proper drainage.

3.6. FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Quality Control Testing During Construction: Allow testing service to inspect and approve each subgrade and fill layer before further backfill or construction work is performed.

1. Perform field density tests in accordance with ASTM D 1556 (sand cone method) or ASTM D2922 (nuclear method) as applicable.

a. Periodically check and adjust field density tests with ASTM D 2922, to correlate to tests performed using ASTM D 1556. In conjunction with each density calibration check, check the calibration curves furnished with the moisture gages in accordance with ASTM D 3017.

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b. If field tests are performed using nuclear methods, make calibration checks of both density and moisture gages at beginning of work, on each different type of material encountered, and at intervals reviewed by the Engineer.

2. Paved Areas and Building Slab Subgrade: Perform at least one field density test of subgrade for every 2,000 sq. ft. of paved area or building slab, but in no case fewer than three tests in each compacted fill layer.

3. If in opinion of Engineer, based on testing service reports and inspection, subgrade or fills that have been placed are below specified density, perform additional compaction and testing until specified density is obtained.

3.7. MAINTENANCE

A. Protection of Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic and erosion. Keep free of trash and debris.

B. Repair and reestablish grades in settled, eroded, and rutted areas to specified tolerances.

C. Reconditioning Compacted Areas: Where completed compacted areas are disturbed by subsequent construction operations or adverse weather, scarify surface, reshape, and compact to required density prior to further construction.

D. Settling: Where settling is measurable or observable during general project warranty period, remove surface (pavement, lawn, or other finish), add backfill material, compact, and replace surface treatment. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of surface or finish to match adjacent work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.

Perform repair work at no additional expense to the Owner.

END OF SECTION

02505 - 1

GRAVEL AND CRUSH STONE BASE AND SUBBASE COURSE

SECTION 02505 - GRAVEL AND CRUSH STONE BASE AND SUBBASE COURSE

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1. SUMMARY

A. This Section includes the following:

1. Preparing Subgrade.

2. Undercuts and Stabilizing Subgrade.

3. Placing and preparing subbase and/or base.

1.2. SUBMITTALS

A. General: Submit the following shop drawings to the Owner’s Representative for approval.

1. Product data for the following products:

a. Subbase and Base Material

1) Hardness

2) Gradation

3) Freeze Thaw

4) Verification of State approved source where applicable

b. Woven Stabilizing Fabric

1) Tensile strength

2) Elongation

3) Puncture strength

1.3. QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Do not place subbase or base material on wet, improperly graded, frozen or unstable subgrade.

B. Do not place frozen subbase or base material that does not conform to specifications.

C. Proof-roll subgrade in the presence of the Owner’s Representative using a 10 ton roller or a loaded

10-wheel dump truck prior to placement of subbase or base material. Limits of undercuts or other stabilization of subgrade required will be designated by the Owner’s Representative.

1.4. STORAGE

A. Storage of Subbase or Base Material: Store per manufactures recommendations.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1. MANUFACTURERS

A. Manufacturer and Source: State approved when applicable.

2.2. MATERIALS

A. Subbase or Base: If not specified on Drawings, use one of the following:

1. Subbase or Base: State approved source, produced from crushed stone. Acceptance of gradation will be based on review of the Engineer and test results less than one (1) year old.

a. Crushed Stone: Conform to AASHTO M147-65 (1980), grading A:

Sieve %Passing

2 inch

02505 - 2

3/8 inch ............................................................................................ 30 - 65

No. 4 ................................................................................................. 25 - 55

No. 10 ............................................................................................... 15 - 40

No. 40 ................................................................................................. 8 - 20

No. 200 ............................................................................................... 2 - 10

b. Material Sample Review: By Engineer prior to acceptance and use of material.

c. Material Change Review (from Crushed Stone to Gravel or Slag): By Engineer prior to use of material. Ensure designated material conforms to State Specification or

AASHTO Specifications unless a variation in writing is provided by the Engineer.

B. Fine Crush Stone Screening: State approved source with the following gradation: Test results less than one (1) year old.

Sieve %passing

½ inch

No. 200 ................................................................................................. 0-10

C. Woven Stabilizing Fabrics (Minimum Properties): ASTM Reqmnts.

Modulus (load at 10% elongation) D1682-64 115 lbs.

Grab tensile strength D1682-64 200 lbs.

Mullen burst strength D3786-87 400 psi

Trapezoid tear strength (when applicable) D1117-80 115 lbs.

Coefficient of permeability K CM/Sec D4491-85 .015

Water flow rate GPM/SF D4491-85 60

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1. EXAMINATION

A. Proof-roll subgrade as described under “Quality Assurance”.

B. Review of Bottom of Undercut: By Owner’s Representative. Do not place stabilizing fabric or undercut backfill until deficiencies have been corrected.

3.2. PREPARATION

Fine grade subgrade to plus or minus 1 inch of design grades and compact to 90 percent compaction

(modified proctor).

When proof-rolling indicates soft subgrade, perform undercuts in accordance with recommendations of

Owner’s Representative. When undercuts are required in areas that the Contractor placed fills to establish subgrade, perform undercutting at no additional cost to the Contract.

3.3. PLACING SUBBASE OR BASE

A. Place subbase or base material in lifts not exceeding 6 inches and compact.

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B. If subgrade begins to weaken under delivery vehicles or upon placement of subbase or base material, establish a placement plan to be reviewed by the Owner’s Representative. The placement plan shall include maximum weight and type of delivery vehicle, on site haul routes, and spreading and compacting equipment. Do not resume placement of subbase or base material until the plan has been reviewed and accepted by the Owner’s Representative. Include all work associated with maintaining a stable subgrade, subbase an/or base at no additional expense to the Contract.

C. Fine grade subbase or base to indicated elevations, plus or minus 1 inch, but total thickness of subbase or base will not vary more than 1 inch from design.

D. Protect subbase or base from contamination, weakening from excess hauling and other acts that could reduce the integrity of the subbase or base.

E. Fill voids in the surface with an Engineer reviewed fine crushed stone screening.

02511 - 1

HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING

SECTION 02511 - HOT-MIXED ASPHALT PAVING

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1. SUMMARY

A. This Section includes provisions for hot-mixed asphalt paving over prepared subbase.

B. Prepared subbase is specified in another Section 02505, “Gravel and Crush Stone Base and Subbase Course”.

C. Proof rolling of prepared subbase is included in this Section.

D. Saw-cutting of edges of existing pavement when applicable.

1.2. SUBMITTALS

A. Material Certificates signed by material producer and Contractor, certifying that each material item complies with or exceeds specified requirements.

1.3. SITE CONDITIONS

A. Weather Limitations: Apply prime and tack coats when ambient temperature is above 40 degrees F (10 degrees C) and when temperature has not been below 35 degrees F (1 degree C) for 12 hours immediately prior to application. Do not apply when base is wet or contains an excess of moisture.

B. Construct hot-mixed asphalt surface course when atmospheric temperature is above 40 degrees F (10 degrees C) and when base is dry. Base and binder courses may be placed when air temperature is above 35 degrees F (7 degrees C).

C. Grade Control: Establish and maintain required lines and elevations.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1. MATERIALS

A. If asphalt materials are not specified on the Drawings, use the following Engineer designated asphalt mixes:

1. Mixes from a State list or approved source.

2. Mix designs prepared according to AASHTO R12-85.

B. Asphalt Mixing Plants: State approved or conforming to AASHTO M156-86.

C. Materials in Asphalt Mixes: According to State specifications.

D. Tack Coat: Emulsified asphalt; ASTM D 977.

E. Prime Coat: Cut-back asphalt type, ASTM D2027; (MC-30, MC-70 or MC-250) or ASTM D 2028; (RC-70 or RC-250).

F. Paving Equipment: Subject to Owner’s Representative review.

2.2. ASPHALT-AGGREGATE MIXTURE

A. Provide plant-mixed, hot-laid asphalt-aggregate mixture complying with ASTM D 3515.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1. SURFACE PREPARATION

A. Proof-roll prepared subbase surface to check for unstable areas and areas requiring additional compaction.

B. Notify Owner’s Representative of unsatisfactory conditions. Do not begin paving work until deficient subbase areas have been corrected and are ready to receive paving.

C. Tack Coat: Apply to contact surfaces of previously constructed asphalt or Portland cement concrete and surfaces abutting or projecting into hot-mixed asphalt pavement. Distribute at

02511 - 2 rate of 0.05 to 0.15 gal. per sq. yd. of surface. Allow to dry until at proper condition to receive paving.

D. Exercise care in applying bituminous materials to avoid smearing of adjoining concrete surfaces. Remove and replace or clean damaged surfaces.

3.2. PLACING MIX

A. General: Place hot-mixed asphalt mixture on prepared surface, spread, and strike off.

Spread mixture at minimum temperature of 250 degrees F and maximum temperatures at 325 degrees F. Place areas inaccessible to equipment by hand. Place each course to required grade, cross-section, and compacted thickness.

B. Paver Placing: Place in strips not less than 10 feet wide, unless otherwise acceptable to Owner’s Representative. After first strip has been placed and rolled, place succeeding strips and extend rolling to overlap previous strips. Complete binder course for a section before placing surface course. Repair irregularities in binder prior to placement of finish course by shimming, truing, and leveling course or by other Engineer reviewed methods.

C. Immediately correct surface irregularities in finish course behind paver. Remove excess material forming high spots with shovel or lute.

D. Joints: Make joints between old and new pavements, or between successive days’ work, to ensure continuous bond between adjoining work. Construct joints to have same texture, density, and smoothness as other sections of hot-mixed asphalt course. When matching existing pavement where joint is rounded off or irregular, the joint shall be saw cut with a walk behind saw with Diamond Blade. The joint shall be straight and uniform. Old asphalt shall be removed in a manner not to damage new joint. Clean contact surfaces and apply tack coat.

3.3. ROLLING

A. General: Begin rolling when mixture will bear roller weight without excessive displacement.

B. Compact mixture with hot hand tampers weighing not less than 25 pounds and having bearing area not greater than 48 square inches, or vibrating plate compactors in areas inaccessible to rollers.

C. Breakdown Rolling: Accomplish breakdown or initial rolling immediately following rolling of joints and outside edge. Check surface after breakdown rolling and repair displaced areas by loosening and filling, if required, with hot material.

D. Second Rolling: Follow breakdown rolling as soon as possible, while mixture is hot.

Continue second rolling until mixture has been evenly compacted.

E. Finish Rolling: Perform finish rolling while mixture is still warm enough for removal of roller marks. Continue rolling until roller marks are eliminated and course has attained 95 percent laboratory density.

F. Patching: Remove and replace paving areas mixed with foreign materials and defective areas. Cut out such areas and fill with fresh, hot-mixed asphalt. Compact by rolling to specified surface density and smoothness.

G. Protection:

1. Repair or replace damage to curbs, sidewalks, light poles or other structures caused during placing or compacting, at no additional expense to Contract.

2. After final rolling, do not permit vehicular traffic on pavement until mixture has set a minimum of 12 hours, unless otherwise accepted by Owner’s Representative.

H. Erect barricades to protect paving from traffic until mixture has cooled enough not to become marked.

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3.4. FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Thickness: In-place compacted thickness tested in accordance with ASTM D 3549 will not be acceptable if the following allowable variations are exceeded, or if the average of half the samples tested (using the thinnest samples) is below the design thickness without consideration of tolerances.

1. Base Course: Plus ½ inch or minus ¼ inch.

2. Surface Course: Plus ½ inch or minus ¼ inch.

3. Total Asphalt Depth: Plus ½ inch or minus ¼ inch.

B. Surface Smoothness: Test finished surface of each hot-mixed asphalt course for smoothness, using 16-foot straightedge applied parallel with and at right angles to centerline of paved area. Surfaces will not be acceptable if the following tolerances for smoothness are exceeded:

1. Base Course Surface: 5/16 inch.

2. Binder Course Surface: ¼ inch.

3. Wearing Course Surface: 3/16 inch.

4. Crowned Surfaces: Test with crowned template centered and at right angle to crown.

Maximum allowable variance from template is ¼ inch.

5. Check surface areas at intervals as reviewed by Engineer.

C. If compaction of asphalt is questioned by the Engineer, cored samples will be tested to verify 95 percent laboratory density.

3.5. REPAIR OF DAMAGED PAVEMENT

A. Saw-cut all damaged areas perpendicular or parallel to edge of pavement.

B. Cut back top course one foot (1’) minimum beyond damaged area and mill one inch (1”) of pavement.

C. Install new top to match existing pavement, as per specifications and plans.