Statement_of_Work_(SOW).pdf

Scope of Work Cultural Resource Inventory - Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project

Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Klamath County, Oregon

A. Key Information Project Name Cultural Resource Inventory for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project, Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Klamath County, Oregon.

Location North of Klamath Falls, Oregon within the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge (Figures 1-10):

• Burn Area 1 – 221 Acres (Figure 2): Wocus Bay, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T31S, R9E, Sections 25, 30, 36 o T32S, R9E, Section 1

• Burn Area 2 – 284 Acres (Figure 3): Wocus Bay, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T31S, R9E, Section 20, 28, 29, 33 o T32S, R9E, Sections 4

• Burn Area 3 – 240 Acres (Figure 4): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T31S, R9E, Sections 8, 9, 17, 20

• Burn Area 4 – 45 Acres (Figure 4): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T31S, R9E, Section 10

• Burn Area 5 – 135 Acres (Figure 5): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Section 33

• Burn Area 6 – 230 Acres (Figure 5): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Sections 27, 28

• Burn Area 7 – 90 Acres (Figure 5): Wildhorse Ridge, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Section 26

• Burn Area 8 – 212 Acres (Figure 6): Wildhorse Ridge, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Sections 35, 36

• Burn Area 9 – 21 Acres (Figure 7): Wildhorse Ridge, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R10E, Section 21

• Burn Area 10 – 143 Acres (Figure 7): Wildhorse Ridge, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R10E, Section 18

• Burn Area 11 – 74 Acres (Figure 8): Wildhorse Ridge, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R10E, Sections 1, 12

• Burn Area 12 – 13 Acres (Figure 8): Wildhorse Ridge & Sugarpine Mountain, OR (7.5’ USGS Quads) o T30S, R10E, Section 1

• Burn Area 13 – 557 Acres (Figure 9): Sugarpine Mountain, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T29S, R9E, Sections 23-26

• Burn Area 14 – 403 Acres (Figure 9): Sugarpine Mountain & Round Butte, OR (7.5’

USGS Quads) o T29S, R9E, Sections 13-15

• Burn Area 15 – 102 Acres (Figure 9): Round Butte, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T29S, R9E, Section 15

• Burn Area 16 – 75 Acres (Figure 9): Round Butte, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T29S, R9E, Sections 15, 22

• Burn Area 17 – 3 Acres (Figure 9): Round Butte, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T29S, R9E, Section 28

• Burn Area 18 – 123 Acres (Figure 10): Round Butte, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T29S, R9E, Sections 28, 33

• Burn Area 19 – 4 Acres (Figure 10): Round Butte, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T29S, R9E, Section 32

• Burn Area 20 – 135 Acres (Figure 10): Round Butte & Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quads) o T30S, R9E, Section 5

• Burn Area 21 – 11 Acres (Figure 10): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Section 4

• Burn Area 22 – 102 Acres (Figure 10): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Section 9

• Burn Area 23 – 98 Acres (Figure 10): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Section 10

• Burn Area 24 – 17 Acres (Figure 10): Military Crossing, OR (7.5’ USGS Quad) o T30S, R9E, Section 16

Acres 3,338 acres

Approximate fieldwork start date Upon Award of Contract:

Final Report completion 90 Days After Award of Contract

B. Purpose The contractor will conduct background research, field survey; cultural resource relocation identification and documentation; and report and site form preparation for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project within the Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), Klamath County, Oregon. The contractor will analyze the collected data to:

1. Describe artifacts and other cultural materials,

2. Update existing site forms within the project area,

3. Characterize the cultural and natural environment,

4. Advise on the general integrity, content, and function of cultural resources, and

5. Recommend measures to protect and manage cultural resources during project activities.

The contractor’s method and deliverables will conform to the contract and the details presented below.

C. Background The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is proposing to conduct a hazardous fuels reduction project on the Klamath Marsh NWR in Klamath County, Oregon. Treatment will consist of small tree thinning and/or removal, pruning, and mowing/mastication of brush on suitable ground up to 3,338 acres on the Klamath Marsh NWR. Equipment will be dependent upon contractor but will likely include an excavator, skid steer, and/or dozer-based mastication. Equipment will be either metal tracked or rubber tired, low ground pressure machinery. All work will take place above ground level and will not include subsurface disturbance.

Hand or machine piles may be created in order to reduce hazardous fuels and project material by means of pile burning (Rx fire). All project areas may be broadcast burned once mechanical treatments have been completed. Prescribed fire will consist of low-intensity ground fires. This will likely take place over the next 5-10 years.

Ground disturbance will occur by means of tracked and/or rubber-tired equipment turning.

Approximately 75-90% of the project area will be traversed by equipment. Equipment will not be digging into the soil, excavating, or working below grade.

D. Regulatory Context The project occurs on federal lands within Klamath Marsh NWR and is therefore subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).

E. Work location/project area The work location/project area is located within the Klamath Marsh NWR north of Klamath Falls, Oregon in Klamath County. The proposed burn areas occur in various areas throughout the refuge (see Location section above, p. 1, and Figures 1-10). The Area of Potential Effects (APE) for this project has been identified by the FWS as approximately 3,338 acres across 24 individual burn areas.

F. Background Research

The contractor will follow the guidelines of the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) for cultural resource research, survey, and site recordation on federal land. The FWS will forward to the contractor pertinent site records, reports, maps, and GIS shapefiles (to include site locations and APE). The contractor will conduct background research, and a literature and archival search for cultural resource information in and near the project area. The contractor will consider the nature and location of existing cultural resources in nearby analogous environmental settings and assess information on geomorphological processes that may affect the preservation and discoverability of cultural resources in the project area. The contractor will include a summary of the background research in the final report.

G. Fieldwork The contractor will conduct a cultural resource inventory and site recordation that meets the standards of the Oregon SHPO. The APE will be inventoried for cultural resources by pedestrian transects spaced about 10 meters apart. All cultural resources that meet the definition of a site by the Oregon SHPO will be recorded. Site boundaries will be determined by the extent of surface artifacts, cultural features, and geomorphic features. Where feasible and practical the entirety of a site located on FWS lands will be recorded; to include sites that exist within the APE but have site boundaries that extend beyond the APE. For large sites (greater than 0.25 miles beyond the APE) the contractor will work with the FWS Zone Archeologist to determine to what extent the entirety of the site(s) should be recorded. The contractor will prepare, and upload Oregon SHPO approved site records, location maps, sketch maps, and photographs of all sites. Isolated artifacts will also be recorded. The contractor will inspect any previously recorded sites within the APE and prepare new site records to meet current Oregon SHPO standards.

There are eighteen recorded sites within the APE (Table 1). The majority of sites consist of prehistoric occupation including housesits and artifact scatters, as well as some historic and multicomponent sites. Numerous sites have been documented on adjacent Forest Service lands, such as 35KL1078, which likely continue onto FWS lands but were not documented. If these sites extend into the APE, the contractor will update or create site documentation to meet current Oregon SHPO standards.

No artifacts will be collected. Diagnostic items such as projectile points, other dateable artifacts, and cultural features will be documented on site records and mapped by GPS.

The contractor will report GPS-derived UTM coordinates and boundaries for each cultural site in the APE so that the site can be relocated by work crews and an archeological monitor and can be flagged and/or avoided.

H. Fieldwork Standards A qualified Field Supervisor meeting the Secretary of the Interior Standards for a professional archaeologist will supervise each field crew. All work will conform to Oregon SHPO guidelines.

The contractor will consult with the Zone Archaeologist to identify areas that may not warrant field inspection, such as locations where slopes are excessively steep.

The contractor will draw and photograph chronologically and functionally diagnostic artifacts.

Pertinent maps will include site concentrations, diagnostic artifacts, tools, structures, or features, site boundary, photo points, a north arrow, scale bar, legend, geographic details such as land features and prominent contours. The contractor will not establish a permanent, artificial, on-the-ground datum. The contractor may map by transit, total station, tape and compass, or GPS.

The Contractor will hire an additional field crew member from the Klamath Indian Tribe. The Contractor will pay the salary, travel, and per diem of the Tribal members. The contractor will supply work schedules, meeting times, and supervision to the Tribal participants.

The contractor will use GPS (NAD 83 Datum) to collect location data on sites, isolates, and survey transects and other information identified during the survey. The contractor will set GPS units to log date and data such as maximum Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). Positional accuracy should be with +/- 3 meters. GPS data will require real time or post processed differential correction to ensure data accuracy. Data must be differentially processed using a base station closer than 200 miles. PDOP less than or equal to 6. Minimum of 4 satellites (3D) for every position. Rover files (*.ssf) and the corrected files (*.cor) shall be submitted with the reports.

The Contractor will export location data from the GPS into an ArcGIS program (compatible with ArcMap 10.6 or ArcGIS Pro). Attributes exported will include maximum PDOP, GPS data, correction type, receiver type, filtered positions, for lines and polygons average horizontal precision and worst horizontal precision, and for points standard deviation and horizontal precision. Theme attribute tables (*.dbf) will be edited to ensure complete and accurate data. The Contractor will submit GIS shapefiles (*.cpg, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, and .shx) in NAD83 and metadata with the reports.

I. Collection Materials No materials will be collected as part of this contract.

J. Reporting The contractor will prepare a draft and final report according to the standards of the Oregon SHPO. The contractor will submit an electronic version of the full draft report to the Contracting

Officer’s Representative (COR). Following Oregon SHPO standards, the draft and final report will include the following or equivalent sections:

1. Cultural Resource Report Cover Sheet and Title Page

2. Abstract, Introduction, Purpose

3. Undertaking and Area of Potential Effects

4. Location

5. Environmental Setting

6. Cultural Setting and Context

7. Literature Review

8. Research Design

9. Fieldwork, Methods, Crew, Etc.

10. Results

11. Analysis, NRHP evaluation across all four criteria plus integrity

12. Conclusions and management recommendations to include the effect of the project on

Cultural Resources within the APE and recommended avoidance/mitigation measures

13. Bibliography

14. Maps, Appendices, Photographs, Etc.

Fourteen days after receiving comments on the draft report from the FWS, the contractor will submit an electronic version of the full final report via email, three hard copies of the final report and site forms, and three CDs or flash drives to include the final report, site forms, GIS Shapefiles, and Photographs to the COR. The final report will provide recommendations concerning the eligibility of each site for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (specific criteria shall be assigned to each resource according to 36 CFR 60.4), provide recommendations for the effects of project activities on cultural resources, and answer research questions identified in the historic context of the report

K. Timeline and Deliverables Field survey will start on or about 05/08/2023 through 11/06/2023.The Contractor and COTR will negotiate a mutually agreeable schedule for reporting and submittals.

Figure 1. Overview map of the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project.

Figure 2. Location map of Burn Area 1 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Reduction Project.

Figure 3. Location map of Burn Area 2 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Figure 4. Location map of Burn Areas 3 & 4 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Figure 5. Location map of Burn Areas 5-7 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Figure 6. Location map of Burn Areas 7 & 8 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Figure 7. Location map of Burn Areas 9 & 10 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Figure 8. Location map of Burn Areas 11 & 12 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Figure 9. Location map of Burn Areas 13-17 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Figure 10. Location map of Burn Areas 18-24 for the Klamath Marsh NWR Hazardous Fuels

Table 1. Previously documented sites within the project area.

Site Number

Site Type Recorded/Updated Comments

35KL154 Lithic scatter and housepits

1977/1993 8 Housepits, historic wooden well, historic trash deposit, cambium peeled tree

35KL156 Lithic scatter, RR grade

1979/1993 & 1994 Site boundaries significantly smaller after site update

35KL158 Lithic scatter 1979 Material consists of obsidian and ignimbrite, some of which are modified.

K’etaiwas’s village site

35KL483 Pictographs and Petroglyphs

1984 Prehistoric campsite reported 1/3 mi west of this site

35KL1062 Housepit 1992 According to site form, site likely heavily surface collected

35KL1064 Lithic scatter 1992 20-30 flakes, uniface, proj. point 35KL1065 Cremation pile, pictographs 1930/1937/1979/1991 Pictographs on vertical rock outcrop

35KL1066 House pit 1991 Single house pit 35KL1067 Occupation, lithic scatter, house pits 1982/1991 Occupation site with a variety of artifact types present 35KL1076 Lithic scatter, occupation 1991 100+ obsidian pieces, “village midden soil”

35KL1078 Lithic scatter 1983/1991 Disperse scatter of obsidian 35KL1115 Prehistoric habitation, lithic scatter

1992 Lithic scatter, rock cairns, possible bedrock mortar, one possible circular clearing among basalt rocks

35KL1116 Lithic scatter, possible stone ring and house pit

1992 Likely heavily surface collected, evidence of subsurface looting

35KL1117 Permanent habitation or temporary camp

1992 High density of flaked and ground stone, as well as a variety of habitation-related artifacts

35KL1822 Lithic scatter 1996 Sparse scatter of two ground stone tools, a few flakes, core, and FCR

35KL2343 Historic camp 2002 Short-term historic seasonal cattle camp, two cabins, outhouse pit, corrals, log feed-shed, well/water tanks

35KL2344 Railroad grade 2002 4.1 mi discontinuous length of Chiloquin Lumber Company RR grade

35KL3359 Lithic scatter, peeled tree

1983/2009 Light lithic scatter, cambium peeled tree