Salient_Characteristics_1.pdf

Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) LiDAR scanner with integrated IMU/GNSS

Salient Characteristics

Specifications meet or exceed the following criteria:

Compact size/weight for external mounting to MD 500 helicopter or DJI M600 Uncrewed

Aircraft Systems (UAS):

Must have dimensions that allow mounting on a DJI M600 UAS (generally less than 620 mm x 320 mm x 505 mm).

Maximum weight with IMU: 6 kilograms or less – realistic limit for M600 UAS to maintain usable operational range.

Eye-safe Class 1 laser product, to avoid negative impacts to the public and local wildlife.

Scanning specifications necessary for effective measurements of young lava flows and volcanic terrain – including near-vertical crater walls – at such rates that can also see bare-earth surfaces through thick tropical vegetation:

Nadir/forward/backward scan patterns.

Effective measurement rate of at least 1,200,000 measurements per second.

Laser pulse repetition rate of at least 1.5 MHz (1500 kHz).

Operation at near-infrared wavelength of 1550 nanometers.

Ranging based on full-waveform capabilities.

Maximum scan speed: 300 lines per second or better.

Minimum accuracy and precision: 10 millimeters or better.

Minimum field-of-view: 90 degrees.

Measuring range of at least 700 meters for low-albedo (as low as 20%) targets at

>100 kHz laser pulse repetition rate (PRR).

Integrated inertial navigation system (INS) / inertial measurement unit (IMU) and

GPS/GNSS system for seamless operations, with the following specifications:

Minimum roll/pitch and heading accuracies: 0.05 degrees or better.

Minimum horizontal and vertical positional accuracies: 10 millimeters or better.

External INS/IMU sensors directly interface with scanner.

Integrated mirrorless digital camera system with calibration and mounting hardware with capability to interface with at least 2 external cameras.

Shipping case to accommodate the scanner with INS/IMU, GPS/GNSS and camera system attached.

Raw data that includes integrated laser scan data, INS/IMU values, and GPS/GNSS values.

Integrated software package and online waveform processing capabilities, to enable rapid turnaround of datasets to HVO personnel and emergency managers during volcanic eruption responses, with a tested workflow and usable end products. The software package and processing capabilities must be compatible with those of the Army Corps of Engineers’ Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, a partner agency of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory on various LiDAR projects, and whose expertise and engineering capabilities will be heavily relied upon for setup and operation of this system.