NU FLOW Specs for slipp linning.pdf

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NuFlow Indy

Product Qualification Submittal Package for pertaining to the Structural Reconstruction / Renovation / Rehabilitation of piping by the NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems for: (Attn: Malak Ibrahim)

Market Research on Building Drain & Sewer Service Lining by

Tyler McClory NuFlow Indy Email: tmcclory@nuflowindy.com O: 317-779-1805 C: 317-512-5196

Grant Whittle Technical Director NuFlow Technologies 7710 Kenamar Court San Diego, CA 92121 C: (256) 453-3640 / O: (858) 242-1646

3-31-2022 mailto:Paul@nuflowphoenix.com

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Product Approval Request NuFlow Technologies and NuFlow Indy request approval to utilize NuFlow Technologies’ NuDrain and NuCure Cured-in-Place (CIPP) systems to structurally renovate (rehabilitate) and to seal leaks of piping systems for Building Drain & Sewer Service Lining to provide a renewed service life. Documentation herein shows that the NuDrain and NuCure Systems are equal to other widely approved products. The NuDrain and NuCure Systems specifically achieve an equal or superior leak tight anulus to the use of hydrophilic o-rings without risking damage to the CIPP liner wall. (See Appendix VI)

Advantages of NuDrain and NuCure CIPP This submittal from NuFlow Technologies and NuFlow Indy provides documentation that NuFlow Technologies’ NuDrain and NuCure Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) systems are independently validated and verified to comply with the intent of the relevant codes and standards as an effective alternative to traditional pipe replacement. The finished NuDrain and NuCure CIPP products are equal to traditional pipe replacement in durability, performance level, functionality and design. Furthermore, this renovation / reconstruction / rehabilitation system has significant health, safety, environmental, and efficiency advantages over traditional pipe replacement and more fully achieves the Asset Management goals of “sustainability.” NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems, with the use of 100% solids epoxy or CCUV Zero Shrinkage Resins, both achieve equal or superior leak tight performance to the frequently specified hydrophilic o-ring expansion gaskets, without: damage to the structure of the CIPP liner wall from an o-ring “pinch point;” the flow disruption caused by the diameter restriction of an o-ring; and the loss of leak tightness when the o-ring dries out.

The NuDrain and NuCure CIPP liner materials and methods are supported by multiple ASTM standards. NuDrain has listings by NSF 14, UPC, IAPMO, and ICC. NuCure has listings with IAPMO. Furthermore, manufacturing is governed by an ISO 9001 Quality Management System.

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Contents of this Submittal Package Product Approval Request

Advantages of NuDrain and NuCure CIPP

Value Engineering Considerations

Equal to Traditional Pipe Replacement

Health, Safety, and Environmental (“HSE”) Advantages

Sustainability Improvements

Product Description

Manufacturing Quality Management

The Reconstruction Process

Summary

Structural Properties

Installation

1. Pre-Video Inspections (before and after cleaning)

2. The Cleaning Process

3. Lining

a. Insertion and Curing of NuFlow NuDrain CIPP system

b. Insertion and Curing of NuFlow NuCure CIPP system

4. Post-CCTV Inspection

5. Return to Service

Branch Connections

Gapping

Reinstatement of Connection

Vertical & Horizontal Connection Liner (VHCL)

UPC & IPC Code Compliance

Alternate Materials and Methods Equivalency

Quality:

Strength:

Fire Resistance:

Effectiveness:

Durability:

Safety:

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Reduced Construction Risks:

Certifying Agencies & File Numbers

International Association of Plumbers and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)

International Code Council – Evaluation Services (ICC-ES)

Referenced Codes and Standards

Compliance Codes

Compliance Standards

Applicable Test Standards

Appendix I: Certificates

IAPMO File No. 9805

IAPMO File No. 10078

IAPMO File No. 10506

ICC File No. PMG-1147

SAI Global ISO 9001-2015

Appendix II: Project Specification Guidelines

Appendix III: Technical Data Sheets (TDS)

Felt 2.0 Technical Data

Felt 4.0 Technical Data

VHCL Felt Technical Data

NuDrain System 2000 Technical Data

NuCure CCUV 831 Technical Data

NuDrain & NuCure Flow Analysis

Appendix IV: Representative Structural Design (ASTM F1216 appendix)

Appendix V: Laboratory Test Reports

Triodem Labs Flow Rate (Manning and Hazen-Williams) Analyses

NuDrain 2000 ASTM F1743 Design Property Compliance Testing by CRT Labs for

IAPMO R+T

Epoxies “General Industry” Chemical Resistance Guidance

Appendix VI: Equal or Superior Performance to Hydrophilic O-Ring Expansion Gaskets.

2 Common “Equal” Methods for Leak Tight Annulus Sealing

An Expansion Gasket is NOT equivalent to a Compression Gasket

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WVU Research

How an O-Ring can damage a CIPP liner wall

Why Zero Shrinkage Resins are particularly preferred to o-rings in Building Pipe Applications

Appendix VII: Safety Data Sheets

Epoxy Resin #200

Epoxy Hardener #220

Epoxy Resin #300

Epoxy Hardener #320

CCUV Resin #831

Appendix VIII: Representative Project Briefs, Case Studies, & References

Commercial Project Case Studies

Industrial Project Case Studies

Governmental Facility Project Case Studies

Residential and Multi-Residential Project Case Studies

Appendix IX: Cold Cure UV Advantages

Appendix X: Key NuFlow Technologies Technical Contacts

Grant Whittle

Grant Duxbury

Tom Bowman

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Value Engineering Considerations The NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems reduce the cost and disruption for both residential and facility owners as compared to traditional pipe replacement. But more importantly, the utilization of the NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems generally permit facilities to achieve a faster return to full service as compared to traditional pipe replacement. Furthermore, from a sustainability analysis, the NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems greatly reduce the triple bottom line impact of reconstruction (see Figure 1 below describing the 3 P’s). This is achieved while:

• providing long-term system performance that is equal to traditional pipe replacement,

• lowering the health, safety, and environmental impacts of the project,

• better achieving the goals of sustainability.

Equal to Traditional Pipe Replacement As governed by the ASTM F1216 design appendix, NuFlow Technologies’ NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems are capable of being structurally designed to exceed a 50-year performance life, which meets or exceeds the performance life expectations for traditional pipe replacement. NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems have suitable chemical resistance for the relevant applications (DWV and potable), including long-term exposures to sanitary wastewater. NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems also comply with the design intent as they do not alter the “nominal” pipe size requirements, nor should they typically alter the Drain Fixture Unit (D.F.U.) capacities (flow calculations will confirm). While providing equivalent performance to traditional pipe replacement, the NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems greatly reduce the time, disruption, costs, and safety hazards associated with reconstruction.

Health, Safety, and Environmental (“HSE”) Advantages As compared to traditional pipe reconstruction, work site dust and debris can be better contained and limited by the NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems for pipe reconstruction. Landfilling of demolished materials, as is often required with traditional pipe replacement, is mostly avoided. Furthermore, with limited, if any, required trenching of exterior landscaping and hardscaping or interior floors and walls, the NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems greatly reduce work site safety hazards. The NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems are safer for people and have a much lower impact on the environment than traditional pipe replacement.

Figure 1 With NuDrain CIPP liners, such damage to landscapes or hardscapes is not necessary.

Furthermore, such trench safety issues are avoided.

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The plumbing and mechanical sector, being predominately indoor work, require resins that are free from volatile organic compounds (VOC-free) and that do not emit hazardous air pollutants (non-HAP) in order to control risks of occupant respiratory distress and other prospective health impacts. NuFlow Technologies’ NuDrain epoxy resins and NuCure CCUV resins are both VOC-free and non-HAP. Accordingly, such epoxies do not have the noxious odors or prospective health impacts frequently associated with styrenated polyester or vinyl ester CIPP resins (as more commonly used by the CIPP industry during outdoor CIPP installations in larger diameter buried utility pipes).

The workers handling epoxy or CCUV resins have jobsite access to the Manufacturer’s SDS and utilize proper personal protective equipment (PPE), particularly regarding avoiding dermal contact with chemicals or with steam/hot water (when used).

As a NuFlow Technologies Certified Contractor, personnel have been trained and certified by the Manufacturer, NuFlow Technologies, on proper materials handling and equipment safety precautions. The portable air compressor and prospective hot water or heat assist (steam generation) equipment are designed for low pressure operation (below 30 PSI) for safety. No high-pressure vessels are required for use and any steam or hot water equipment are below 3600 kWs. Additionally, the NuCure “cold cure” UV initiated resins not only use cool LED bulbs to initiate the cure, but also exotherm at a maximum temperature of 150 degrees F, thereby further reducing safety risks from high temperatures.

With the Precision Pull/Push-in-Place (Precision PIP) NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems, the deteriorated host pipe will not be stressed by high pressure liner inversion methods. Furthermore, liner expansion pressures will always be kept below 30 PSI; the precisely required expansion pressures are calibrated for the NuDrain and NuCure CIPP liner assemblies prior to insertion to ensure a properly tight frictional interface is achieved without unnecessarily stressing the deteriorated host pipe. Host pipe cleaning and preparation methods are also selected to control further host pipe damage.

In addition to the environmental advantages of VOC-free and non-HAP resins, NuFlow’s NuDrain and NuCure CIPP installation methods have a lower carbon footprint with less fuel consumption and much lower thermal pollution than most alternative CIPP lining systems. Low water consumption installation options are available when needed. The NuCure System provides an exceptionally low carbon footprint and even lower thermal pollution.

Sustainability Improvements Agencies and Facility Managers are increasingly focused on Asset Management and the “sustainability” of their infrastructure. ISO 55000 has helped to codify both the financial and the technical performance considerations towards achieving improvements in sustainability.

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NuDrain and NuCure are more sustainable options than traditional pipe replacement, with win-win-win advantages for all parties, while providing superior return on investment for all 3 P’s (Profit, People, and the Planet) required for properly measuring sustainability.

Figure 2: The 3 P's of Sustainability: NuDrain and NuCure Deliver

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Product Description NuFlow’s NuDrain and NuCure Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) systems provide an alternative method to traditional pipe replacement. The major benefits of using NuDrain or NuCure include:

• less invasive,

• safer for the public,

• quicker installation

• more cost-effective for the consumer.

NuDrain and NuCure CIPP are engineered with “zero shrinkage resins” (100 percent solids epoxy or CCUV resins) for the reconstruction of vertical and horizontal gravity and pressure application pipes such as Building Drains, Building Waste, Building Storm Drains, Sanitary Sewers, Storm Sewers, Process Piping, Electrical Conduits, Ventilation Systems and Force Mains. Regarding the epoxy systems, the NuDrain System 2000 is for routine use, whereas System 3000 has broader corrosion resistance and higher temperature capabilities specifically for industrial applications. The NuCure System has even higher temperature capabilities where required and very short curing times leading to high productivity.

Pipe materials that can be reconstructed using NuFlow NuDrain or NuCure CIPP Systems include:

Cast Iron Vitrified Clay Steel

ABS

PVC

Copper Bituminous Fiber Pipe (Orangeburg) Asbestos Cement Concrete Other Materials as approved by NuFlow Technologies

The NuDrain CIPP system is comprised of the following assembly components:

1) Laminated felt tube

2) Part A Base resin

3) Part B Catalyst curing agent/hardener

4) Inflatable calibration tube (bladder)

5) Release plastic

6) Vinyl strap inside the calibration tube (bladder) to restrain longitudinal expansion

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7) Vinyl restraining sleeves installed at both ends of the liner to prevent circular over-expansion of the inflatable calibration tube (bladder). These sleeves also serve to protect the inflatable calibration tube (bladder) from puncture during installation and inflation

8) Also available as Vertical & Horizontal Connection Liner (VHCL) with silicone reinforced inflatable calibration tube (bladder). Connections liners come in WYE and TEE Fitting configurations*

The NuCure CIPP system is comprised of the following assembly components:

1) ECR fiberglass reinforced (or felt) tube

2) CCUV resin

3) Inflatable translucent calibration tube (bladder)

4) Double helix light core

5) An inner layer of retention plastic (reduces over expansion in unrestrained areas)

6) Release plastic.

7) Two vinyl retaining sleeves

8) External layer of retention plastic

9) Final layer of Sacrificial Release Plastic

10) Also available as Vertical & Horizontal Connection Liner (VHCL) with silicone reinforced inflatable calibration tube (bladder). Connections liners come in WYE and TEE Fitting configurations*

* VHCL Liners are recommended for use when there is a need to reconstruct WYE and TEE connections within the piping system.

The table below indicates the lengths and diameters of pipe for which the NuDrain CIPP system is installed in “one run or installation”. Longer lengths can be achieved by the installation of additional overlapping runs of NuDrain CIPP.

Pipe Diameter Max length per single installation

2” (50mm) 100ft (30.5m)

3” (75mm) 150ft (30.5m)

4” (100mm) 150ft (45.7m)

5” (125mm) 150ft (45.7m)

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6” (150mm) 150ft (45.7m)

8” (200mm) 75ft (22.9m)

10” (250mm) 75ft (22.9m)

12” (300mm) 50ft (15.24m)

>12” Available Upon Request Available Upon Request

The NuCure CCUV CIPP system is available for 3” to 12” (>12” available upon request) sectional liners up to 30’ in length and for VHCL connection liners in the smaller diameters. Additional capabilities are actively in development.

Manufacturing Quality Management The NuDrain and NuCure CIPP systems are manufactured with the oversight of NuFlow Technologies 2000, Inc.’s ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System. The required independent audit program, as applicable to the associated certifications, is facilitated by:

1. SAI Global

2. International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical

Officials (IAPMO),

3. International Code Council – Evaluation Services (ICC-ES)

The Reconstruction Process Summary The reconstruction process references two primary ASTM standards which include consensus product testing requirements: F1743 Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-in-Place of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP) and F1216 Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube. These ASTM standards detail how to handle obstructions in the pipeline, clean, inspect, and install.

These standards also set forth the minimum parameters for the strength and mechanical properties to which the NuFlow NuDrain and NuCure systems have been designed to comply. The details of these standards are incorporated by reference within this submittal. Subsequent sections of this submittal provide independent test verification of compliance with the information shared in this section.

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Structural Properties CIPP Initial Structural Properties – ASTM F1743 (& ASTM F1216)

Property Test Method Minimum Value

Tensile Strength ASTM D638 3,000 psi

Flexural Strength ASTM D790 4,500 psi

Flexural Modulus ASTM D790 250,000 psi

NuDrain and NuCure CIPP liners are each designed according to their 3rd party validated structural properties.

Installation The reconstruction process involves pulling-in-place the NuDrain or NuCure system assembly (listed above) into an existing host pipe, and then inflating the calibration tube (bladder) with either ambient air, hot water, or a combination of air and steam. The calibration tube (bladder) is kept inflated until the curing process and cool-down is completed. After curing, the inflatable calibration tube (bladder) is deflated and is removed, along with the release plastic, vinyl strap, sleeves and ends and extracted from the pipe. The finished Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) installed into the host pipe shall be tight fitting, free of dry spots, lifts, and de-laminations. The ends of the installed CIPP liner will be tapered and smooth and will not create an impediment to flow. Using 100 percent solids epoxy or CCUV resins allows for zero shrinkage from the existing host pipe with a tight frictional interface established between the installed CIPP liner and the existing host pipe.

The installation process involves the following steps:

1. Cleaning

2. Pre-CCTV Inspection

3. Lining – Installation of NuFlow NuDrain CIPP

4. Post-CCTV Inspection

5. Return to Service

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1. Pre-Video Inspections (before and after cleaning) Pre-assessment of the existing host pipes is undertaken in accordance with ASTM F1743 Section 6.1.3 (likewise stated in ASTM F1216 Section 7.1.3) and is achieved using a CCTV camera. The video footage will provide valuable information of the pipe system configuration and condition. The actual inside diameter and any restrictions are also documented. This phase of information gathering is critical for the lining crew and for proper ordering of the required materials. It also helps in identifying the existing piping system layouts and to be aware if there are any abnormalities or severe defects in the piping system. The post cleaning CCTV Inspection video becomes part of the deliverables to the customer.

2. The Cleaning Process Cleaning of the existing host pipes is done according to ASTM F1743 Section 6.1.2 (also stated in ASTM F1216 Section 7.1.2) and is a pre-requisite for lining. This is accomplished using electric, pneumatic or water driven equipment engineered and designed for this purpose. A variety of bits and attachments are used at various stages in the cleaning process, as well for different pipe conditions and materials.

Removal of debris, scale build-up, grease, calcite, rust, etc. is necessary to bring the existing host pipe into compliance with the standard and acceptable for reconstruction by the installation of NuDrain or NuCure CIPP. The cleaning process also serves to create “anchor teeth” on the surface of the host pipe to strengthen the mechanical bond associated with the tight frictional interface of the NuDrain or NuCure CIPP liner.

3. Lining

a. Insertion and Curing of NuFlow NuDrain CIPP system

The NuDrain carrier tube material is made up of needled, polypropylene felt fabric material with a high clarity, abrasion-resistant polyester-base laminating film. The felt host material is saturated with a specially engineered, thermosetting, 100 percent

Figure 3 Identification of Pipe defects (e.g. corrosion, scaling, breaks, grease, root intrusion, etc.)

Figure 4 Remote robotic equipment is used to clean the pipe.

14 – v. 7.5 solids, two-part epoxy resin. The flexible fabric tube is capable of carrying compatible epoxy resin and of withstanding installation pressures, curing temperatures, and normal pipe operating temperatures. The thermosetting epoxy resin system is resistant to shrinkage, will not corrode or oxidize, is resistant to UV Light, is styrene free and contains no Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) or Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).

The needled felt fabric tube is impregnated with carefully weighed and mixed, “100 percent solids” epoxy resin using calibrated rollers through a ‘wetting-out’ process. The use of calibrated rollers enables a thorough and even distribution of epoxy resin throughout the length of the tube. The ‘wetting-out’ process is used to ensure that the fabric tube is fully saturated end to end with mixed epoxy resin to alleviate the possibility of weak sections in the reconstructed pipe. By utilizing “zero-shrinkage,” 100 percent solids epoxy the CIPP will establish a tight frictional interface with the host pipe (thereby mechanically locking it into place) and may likely also adhere to the host pipe.

Using an insertion point and often a pull point in the piping system, the liner assembly is pulled and accurately positioned into the section of pipe requiring reconstruction.

Sometimes only a single insertion point is needed, and the liner assembly is pushed into place using flexible plastic or fiberglass push rods. With the aid of a CCTV camera and verified measurements, the certified technician will determine with high accuracy the position of the CIPP system within the pipe. After verifying the liner assembly is positioned correctly, the calibration tube (bladder) is inflated to the pre-calibrated pressure for the specific CIPP system using air, hot water or a combination of both so that the CIPP liner fits tightly against the interior walls of the host pipe, thereby forming a tight frictional interface with the host pipe. The pre-calibrated pressure exerted against the inflatable calibration tube (bladder) is monitored using a pressure gauge.

After curing, the bladder is deflated and removed, along with the rest of the assembly from the newly installed CIPP liner. The resulting NuDrain CIPP liner provides a newly reconstructed pipe within the existing host pipe, providing a renewed performance life.

Figure 6 Precision Pull/Push-In-Place of the NuDrain CIPP liner assembly

Figure 5 Weighing the resin in preparation for mi ing

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b. Insertion and Curing of NuFlow NuCure CIPP system The NuCure carrier tube material is either made up of an ECR reinforced fabric material (for greater structural design capabilities) or of a needled, polypropylene felt fabric material with a high clarity, abrasion-resistant polyester-base laminating film. The carrier tube material is saturated with a specially engineered, UV cured, 100 percent solids, CCUV resin. The flexible tube is capable of carrying compatible resin and of withstanding installation pressures, curing exotherm temperatures, and normal pipe operating temperatures. The UV cured CCUV resin system is resistant to shrinkage, will not corrode or oxidize, is resistant to UV Light, is styrene free and contains no Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) or Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs).

The carrier tube is impregnated with carefully weighed “100 percent solids” CCUV resin using calibrated rollers through a ‘wetting-out’ process. The use of calibrated rollers enables a thorough and even distribution of CCUV resin throughout the length of the tube. The ‘wetting-out’ process is used to ensure that the carrier tube is fully saturated end to end with CCUV resin to alleviate the possibility of weak sections in the reconstructed pipe. By utilizing “zero-shrinkage,” 100 percent solids CCUV resins, the CIPP will establish a tight frictional interface with the host pipe (thereby mechanically locking it into place) and may likely also adhere to the host pipe.

Using an insertion point and often a pull point in the piping system, the liner assembly is pulled and accurately positioned into the section of pipe requiring reconstruction. Sometimes only a single insertion point is needed and the liner assembly is pushed into place using flexible plastic or fiberglass push rods. With the aid of a CCTV camera and verified measurements, the certified technician will determine with high accuracy the position of the liner assembly within the pipe. After verifying the liner assembly is positioned correctly, the calibration tube (bladder) is inflated to the pre-calibrated pressure for the NuCure CIPP system using air so that the CIPP liner fits tightly against the interior walls of the host pipe, thereby forming a tight frictional interface with the host pipe. The pre-calibrated pressure exerted against the inflatable calibration tube (bladder) is monitored using a pressure gauge.

The CCUV control unit powers the CCUV light core and controls and monitors the pressures and the temperatures during the cure.

Figure 7 Weighing the resin in preparation for impregnation

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After curing, the bladder is deflated and removed, along with the rest of the assembly from the newly installed CIPP liner. The resulting NuCure CCUV-CIPP liner provides a newly reconstructed pipe within the existing host pipe, providing a renewed performance life.

4. Post-CCTV Inspection After the bladder is extracted from the reconstructed pipe, a CCTV camera inspection is undertaken again to visually confirm that the CIPP liner has been successfully installed and meets the necessary quality standards. As with the pre-video inspection, a copy becomes part of the deliverables to the customer.

5. Return to Service The newly reconstructed pipe is returned to service, offering the same or increased performance level and function intended for the existing piping system.

The NuDrain or NuCure CIPP system has an effective Manning coefficient (n) of 0.010 and a Hazen-Williams coefficient of 150. Because of this, the minimally reduced diameter of the installed liner does not reduce the flow nor the Drain Fixture Unit (D.F.U.) capacities for the piping system. The smoothness of the interior finished product and reduction of joint turbulence improves the flow of the piping system. In many cases the resulting flow rate is higher than most common piping materials when “new”, as used in conventional installation or replacement.

Triodem Labs conducted a representative analysis wherein they calculated expected flow rates (Manning for gravity and Hazen-Williams for pressure) before and after lining with NuFlow CIPP liners. Despite the slight loss of inside diameter, there is a substantial increase of flow with NuFlow CIPP lined pipes:

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Figure 8: Manning and H-W Flow Calculations

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Branch Connections When installing NuDrain or NuCure Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) Systems, branch connections (WYEs and TEEs) can be 1. gapped, 2. lined over with re-instatement (opening) of connection to follow, or 3.) Vertical & Horizontal Connection Liners (VHCL) can be installed to seal the connection.

Gapping Using a method called “gapping”, connections are not lined over. This alleviates the need for reinstating the connection and is a very useful method when either reinstatement of connections or installation of specific VCHL connections is not possible. During the initial camera inspection, measurements are taken between connections for preparation of the NuDrain or NuCure CIPP system. During installation, the NuDrain or NuCure CIPP system is installed up to the fitting, the fitting is ‘gapped’ and the CIPP liner continues beyond the fitting; the fitting is not reconstructed. This can be performed with a single length of the NuDrain or NuCure CIPP system. The pressure exerted by the inflatable calibration tube (bladder) against the resin impregnated tube tapers and smooths the resin at each end of the CIPP liner; this creates a seamless, tapered edge finish on both sides of the branch line connection. CCTV video inspection of both the main and the branch line fitting connection verifies that the CIPP liner has been properly positioned and opened to its full diameter, tightly against the host pipe.

Reinstatement of Connection Instead of gapping, branch line connection fittings can alternatively be lined over with subsequent robotic reinstatement of the branch line connection. A variety of electric and pneumatic cutting tool heads (engineered specifically for this function) are inserted into either the main ‘run’ of the pipe or into the branch lines to complete the branch connection reinstatement. Using the above-described tools, the branch connection is cut open and returned to the diameter of the branch line connection. CCTV inspection from either the branch line or the main run is used to verify that the branch line fitting connection has been properly opened to full diameter without leaving a “lip” of excess CIPP and without causing damage to the host pipe.

Figure 9 Cutting the precisely measured gaps prior to liner insertion

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Vertical & Horizontal Connection Liner (VHCL)

The pipe ‘run’ and branch line fitting are initially CIPP lined using the ‘Gapping Method’. The connection is restructured by using a VHCL. VHCL lining requires at least two access points to the main run of the pipe and the branch line. The access points will be used to push and/or pull the VHCL into location before inflating the calibration tube. After inflating the tube and curing the liner, the bladder is removed, leaving a fully reconstructed connection. The integrity of the liner and opening to full diameter is validated with a video inspection of both the main ‘run’ of the pipe and the branch line fitting connection.

UPC & IPC Code Compliance

Alternate Materials and Methods Equivalency ASTM F1743 is a referenced standard within the UPC (Table 1701.2) and NuFlow’s products have been listed by IAPMO as complying with this approved applicable recognized standard and as complying with NSF 14 (as required in section 301.2.3 of the UPC). ASTM F1743 CIPP products are recognized according to the UPC as “equivalent” to other approved plastic pipes.

The typical question of code inclusion arises because neither ASTM F1743 nor the codes explicitly mention applicability for use within “building drain pipes.” ASTM F1743 is in fact, however, a UPC referenced standard clearly intended for use as an equivalent

Is CIPP Approved in the Codes for Plumbing Applications?

UPC

• ASTM F1743 is a referenced standard within the UPC (Table 1701.2)

• NuFlow’s products have been listed by IAPMO as complying with this “approved applicable recognized standard” and are also listed as complying with NSF 14 (as required in section 301.2.3)

• As per section 301.3, NuFlow’s products provide “equivalence” (quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety) as compared with code approved, schedule 40 PVC pipe.

• UPC compliant AHJs routinely determine that the intent of the reference in Table 1701.2 is to recognize ASTM F1743 as an equivalent alternate in the Plumbing Code for any application where plastic pipe would already be code approved for use.

• IAPMO listed CIPP products are generally treated as approved in the Code.

IPC

• The IPC has so far opted not to formally list ASTM F1743 (or F1216) as a referenced standard;

the primary reason cited has been improper use of non-mandatory (rather than BOCA mandatory) language within these decades old standards (which is also an ANSI/ASTM requirement); the industry is working towards correcting the phraseology.

• Without an acceptable recognized referenced standard, ICC-ES has issued a Listing Criteria (LC 1011) for CIPP products.

• NuFlow’s products are listed by ICC -ES as complying with LC 1011, as well as with ASTM F1743, and with NSF 14.

• Without express code inclusion, IPC compliant AHJ’s routinely accept such ICC -ES listed “alternate materials” upon review of an appropriate AED / AMMC proposal, as permitted within the code.

Both IAPMO & ICC “List” CIPP “Systems” as acceptable for use

20 – v. 7.5 plumbing pipe product to other approved plastic drain pipes. Likewise, ICC-ES has issued a Listing Criteria for CIPP liners.

In support of UPC Section 301.3 “equivalency” with approved building drain pipe products:

Quality:

NuFlow’s CIPP products are produced within an ISO 9001 (3rd party audited) manufacturing facility with a comprehensive Quality Management System that routinely confirms compliance of NuFlow’s published performance properties in compliance with the industry standards, including ASTM F1743.

Quality is further controlled through NuFlow’s Certified Contractor program with associated Apprentice, Journeyman, and Master level training programs which cover not only field installation practice, but also applicability for use, and proper host pipe condition assessment and cleaning to ensure proper application and proper pre-lining preparations. Expert NuFlow staff are available for review of proper applicability for use, proper design considerations, and constructability criteria.

Independent inspection by project design staff and building inspectors is also recognized as an essential part of quality control and quality assurance during construction. As the product supplier, inspectors are our independent partners in assuring quality of the as-built product. As such, NuFlow is pleased to offer training for design and inspection staff regarding CIPP good practice in plumbing pipe applications and key inspection and data capture criteria to assist with product life-cycle performance and asset management.

Strength:

The ASTM F1216/F1743 consensus design practice for CIPP results in equivalent strength for achieving equivalent life-cycle performance as compared to other code approved plastic pipes. ASTM F1743 defines the required minimum performance properties required to achieve performance life expectations equivalent to other plastic pipes. The consensus design practice referenced within ASTM F1743 determines the required wall thickness to achieve equivalent “strength” across varying CIPP materials and in different loading conditions. In most plumbing drain pipe applications (especially ≤ 6” diameter), the product supplier’s minimum thickness for manufacturing and construction quality control will generally exceed the structural design “strength” requirements.

Note that, contrary to common misperception and usage, “strength” is NOT a direct synonym for “stiffness” of a pipe. The “strength” of a pipe relates to its ability to resist load over time. In many buried pipe cases, a lower stiffness pipe will develop lower strains in the pipe wall and thereby be able to carry a higher load for a longer term than a stiffer pipe would under the same applied load; as such, a lower stiffness pipe can

21 – v. 7.5 actually have higher “strength.” (Also, consider bridge design where if a single member is made too stiff it can attract too much load and structurally fail the entire bridge; a lower stiffness member thereby results in higher load “strength” for the bridge.)

In addition to achieving long-term “strength,” the required pipe stiffness determined during design for a specific pipe technology also pertains to the differing temporary installation loads which must be temporarily endured. CIPP is not subject to the temporary loads associated with pipe handling, backfilling, and deflection lag that occur with direct burial flexible pipe applications. Those temporary loads, specific to direct burial of a flexible pipe, cause higher stiffness (higher thickness and/or modulus) to be “conservative” design in such direct burial applications towards controlling construction risks. But such practice is NOT design optimization specifically for long-term “strength.”

Likewise, with direct burial “rigid pipes,” like iron, concrete, and clay, higher pipe stiffness is conservative towards handling the enormous loads that such a “rigid occlusion” in the ground attracts to itself.

Studies on D3034 PVC pipe have shown that a properly buried DR 50 pipe (thinner wall / lower pipe stiffness) can carry higher loads for a longer duration (higher “strength” design) than such a DR 35 pipe (thicker wall / higher stiffness) can because of better shedding of the overburden loads to the soil arch and thereby development of less creep inducing strain in the pipe wall. But in actual application such optimized “strength” design led to constructability failures through over-deflection during burial. Dr. Spangler and his grad student Reynold Watkins developed the Iowa Deflection Formula, not as a “structural” design method for “strength” requirements, but as a “constructability” design control to prevent contractors from over-deflecting a flexible pipe during backfilling and thereby causing premature structural failure of the pipe. Likewise, higher pipe stiffness also helps prevent deflection warping of bells and spigots during shipping and handling to ensure proper joint seating, but this “stiffness” consideration also does not pertain to equivalent long-term design “strength.” All of these design factors driving higher pipe stiffness in direct burial applications are irrelevant to trenchless liner design.

Somewhat counterintuitive to such routine pipe design experience (where stiffer pipe is understandably considered more “conservative” for these risk management reasons), construction risk is far better controlled with a trenchless CIPP installation by reducing CIPP thickness within the window of conservative structural design. Unnecessarily thick (to generate higher stiffness) CIPP greatly increases several construction risk factors with CIPP, negatively impacts resulting flow capacity, and thereby reduces the actual “conservatism” of the CIPP design while not adding relevant design “strength” to the

CIPP.

Just as a rigid pipe design does not consider the inapplicable “deflection lag” loading factor of flexible pipes, likewise, trenchless pipe design need not consider such inapplicable “temporary” handling and construction loads encountered by direct burial plastic pipes. Similarly, whereas installation of a plastic pipe by HDD must consider

22 – v. 7.5 pulling forces to determine the required pipe “strength” for the application, installation of the same plastic pipe by direct burial does not. The structural design referenced in the applicable standards only considers applicable overburden and construction loads.

CIPP likewise has different, but “equivalent,” structural design that properly considers all applicable overburden and construction loads.

So, in summary, “strength” is not an inherent design property for direct equivalence comparison, but rather a performance design criterion that must be considered in light of all aspects of a “conservative” design approach for each material and method. This is a key aspect of the 100+ years on-going technical merit debate regarding the comparative strengths of rigid versus flexible pipe design that both sides of the argument try to ignore in declaring their own superiority! (Having worked for manufacturers of both flexible and rigid pipe systems, I have gradually gotten better at describing and explaining such “semantic” causes of significant confusion and debate among engineers regarding true “equivalence” in design.)

The CIPP design method provides equivalent design “strength” for such materials and installation methods as the design method for schedule 40 PVC pipe provides for those materials and installation methods. The “equivalence” in design “strength” and life-cycle performance is real, if indirect; the requirements to achieve such equivalent “strength” are understandably and appropriately different.

Fire Resistance:

NuFlow CIPP materials have comparable fire resistance to other approved plastic pipe products and have been widely approved and utilized across North America and around the world by AHJ’s for use inside building drain systems including residential high rises, hospitals, etc.

Effectiveness:

The NuFlow materials and methods for ASTM F1743 CIPP in building drains have proven highly effective over the past 25+ years. As described herein, quality, strength, and durability are consistently achieved while also minimizing plumbing system, facility operations, and occupant disruption. Other key performance criteria such as fire resistance, safety, and flow capacity (preservation of design DFUs) are consistently complied with while having the added benefits of reducing project construction risks and costs and while being particularly useful in historic preservation efforts and in reducing operational disruption.

Durability:

NuFlow’s ASTM F1743 CIPP products have proven durability regarding sewage chemical resistance, temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, jetter pressure resistance, and mechanical cleaning equipment resistance. All NuFlow CIPP products are designed to handle residential flow temperatures and higher temperature capable NuFlow CIPP products are available for specific industrial / commercial needs.

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Reflecting the durability of NuFlow CIPP products, many Certified Contractors provide 10-year construction warranties, rather than the standard water industry 1-year warranty.

Safety:

The “trenchless” ASTM F1743 installation practice provides significant work-site safety enhancements over traditional pipe exhumation with direct burial replacement which:

requires heavy equipment and extensive trenching; can release residual sewage into the building envelope; and creates significant indoor air quality concerns.

NuFlow’s outer scrim plastic helps to contain the resin from bleeding out into the building envelope from the leaking host pipes. The use of epoxy, which will ambient cure, reliably ensures that uncured chemicals will not be left within the building envelope; UV curing cures within 10 minutes and greatly reduces the risks associated with resin bleed-out. The use of such zero VOC and HAP-free resins is an important health and safety consideration for CIPP lining within a building envelope.

NuFlow’s Precision PIP (pull and/or push in place) installation methods also avoid the risks associated with air pressure developing in front of a CIPP inversion head (the ASTM F1216 CIPP installation practice) which can “burp” P traps (prospectively releasing raw sewage and aerosolized droplets into the building envelope).

Reduced Construction Risks:

Open-cut excavation always generates construction safety risks as described above. In-building pipe exhumation and replacement also inherently runs the risk of additional damage to critical structures and systems of a building that can be avoided through trenchless CIPP pipe replacement.

Compared to the CIPP systems typically used in the utility pipe sector, the materials and Precision PIP installation practices of the NuFlow CIPP systems result in less wrinkling (flow obstruction) at bends and virtually eliminates the risks associated with resin slugs in remotely inaccessible small diameter building pipes. Remote positioning of the CIPP is also precisely controlled with integral insertion together with a camera and exact distance measurements. Risk of disruptive installation failures are therefore much lower with the NuFlow methods and materials, which have been specifically developed with in-building installations in mind.

Certifying Agencies & File Numbers International Association of Plumbers and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)

• File No. 9805

• File No. 10078

• File No. 10506

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International Code Council – Evaluation Services (ICC-ES)

• File No. PMG - 1147

Referenced Codes and Standards Compliance Codes Uniform Plumbing Code® (UPC)

International Plumbing Code® (IPC)

International Residential Code® (IRC)

National Plumbing Code of Canada® (NPC)

Compliance Standards NSF-14-2018, Plastic Piping System Components and Related Materials

ASTM F1216-2016, Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube

ASTM F1743-2017, Standard Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-in-Place of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting Resin Pipe (CIPP)

ICC-ES LC1011-2010, Listing Criteria for Rehabilitation of Existing Building Drains and Building Sewers by the Inversion and Curing of Resin-impregnated Tube

Applicable Test Standards ASTM D543, Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents

ASTM D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics

ASTM D790, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials

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Appendix I: Certificates IAPMO File No. 9805 (visit IAPMO website to confirm current dated Certificate) http://pld.iapmo.org/file_info.asp?file_no=0009805

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IAPMO File No. 10078 (visit IAPMO website to confirm current dated Certificate)

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IAPMO File No. 10506 (visit IAPMO website to confirm current dated Certificate) http://pld.iapmo.org/file_info.asp?file_no=0010506

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ICC File No. PMG-1147 (visit ICC website to confirm current dated Certificate) https://icc-es.org/report-listing/pmg-1147/

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SAI Global ISO 9001-2015

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Appendix II: Project Specification Guidelines (MS Word version with Explanatory End Notes regarding Performance Based Language available upon request.)

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Appendix III: Technical Data Sheets (TDS) Felt 2.0 Technical Data

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Felt 4.0 Technical Data

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VHCL Felt Technical Data

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NuDrain System 2000 Technical Data

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NuCure CCUV 831 Technical Data

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NuDrain & NuCure Flow Analysis

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Appendix IV: Representative Structural Design (ASTM F1216 appendix) The attached representative structural design showcases the industry consensus standard approach to determing the required structural wall thickness.

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Appendix V: Laboratory Test Reports Triodem Labs Flow Rate (Manning and Hazen-Williams) Analyses

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NuDrain 2000 ASTM F1743 Design Property Compliance Testing by CRT Labs for IAPMO R+T (D638, D790, wall thickness, chemical resistance)

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Epoxies “General Industry” Chemical Resistance Guidance NuDrain epoxies have been tested for compliance with industry consensus testing standards for applicability for use in typical sanitary sewer environments. Note: The System 3000 resins have been enhanced for broader acid resistance and higher temperature resistance. See the NuDrain System 3000 “HTAR” literature for more information.

CAUTION: When it comes to applicability for use of any plastic regarding corrosion resistance, especially in industrial applications, suppliers can provide guidance but frequently not absolute statements regarding applicability.

In an industrial application, it is best for the Owner or the Owner’s Approved Agent ultimately to make the decision regarding applicability for use on their project, because they are the “responsible party” most familiar with site conditions and prospective effluent concentrations. Furthermore, Owner’s frequently only reveal certain components within the flow that they know to be concerned about and there is generally no way for the Contractor, much less for NuFlow to confirm the actual effluent constituents, concentrations, temperatures, and how they may actually fluctuate and change over time.

Responsible Engineers and Project Managers, intimately familiar with site conditions and operational parameters, must estimate the potential for corrosion of plastics based upon industry Chemical Resistance Guidance Charts compiled from industry testing of the class of resin. These charts provide guidance on the suitability for use, generally by indicating that testing has shown the resin to be “Excellent,” “Good,” or “Not Recommended” for use with specific chemical exposures. Data is not available for all chemicals. And data is frequently only available beyond certain application temperatures.

Note that pH, by itself, is not sufficiently informative regarding applicability for use. It is the specific chemicals and their concentrations causing the pH that must be assessed. Generally, the chemicals listed within the facility’s SDS sheets will provide excellent guidance regarding chemicals of specific concern to the applicability for use with exposure to the effluent of the facility of certain plastics. Operational temperatures must also be considered in the analysis.

The following is a general industry Chemical Resistance Chart pulled from the internet for typical epoxies, such as NuFlow’s Series 2000 resins.

Elevated temperatures and/or increased concentrations of chemicals will generally lower the corrosion resistance of plastics. And combinations of chemicals can sometimes be more aggressive than individual chemicals alone. So, each unique effluent flow will have different corrosiveness. The published Chemical Resistance Charts from the resin industry provide only general guidance. Relative chemical resistance is typically an issue of which chemicals weaken molecular bonds/attraction and thereby open the resin matrix to greater penetration of the fluids and thereby greater surface area exposure. This impact is approximated by measured weight change over time (gain or loss can both be significant) when subjected to different chemicals, indicating the potential for resin degradation over time.

Where corrosion resistance data is not available for specific chemicals or for the combined chemical “cocktails,” and especially where elevated temperatures are involved, testing of coupons exposed to site conditions is recommended by the industry experts. As per the NASSCO CIPP Inspector Training and Certification Program Manual, within 4.2.6, “Non-municipal applications, such as industrial or commercial, 65 – v. 7.5 require the testing of the product’s chemical resistance to the flow material in the pipeline.”

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/chemical-resistance-epoxy-d_786.html

Chemical Product Epoxy Resistance to Chemical Product

Acetic Acid (20%) Excellent

Acetone Not Recommended

Acetylene Excellent

Alcohol -…