Sustainable_Acquisition_2014.pdf

SUSTAINABLE

ACQUISITION

Desktop Reference Guide MCB Camp Pendleton, California M

AR

INE CORPS BASE

C

AMP PENDLETO

N

2020 East First Street, Suite 400 Santa Ana, California 92705

Paper content is made from 100% recovered materials.

DESKTOP TOOL

The way that Marine Corps Base (MCB) Camp Pendleton conducts business can have enormous impacts on the environment. Responsible purchasing by the installation contributes meaningfully to a healthier environment, quality of work and life, which in turn can save money and resources. Sustainable acquisition is referred to by many names: responsible purchasing, eco-procurement, and green procurement, just to name a few. Sustainable acquisition adds value to the Marine Corps mission by adding efficiency and cost considerations into the making of a purchase decision.

The duty to purchase more wisely, to consider the life cycle of a product or service and not just the purchase price, lies with you.

Everyone who contributes to the manufacture, distribution, transportation, use, and disposal of a material can help MCB Camp Pendleton become more efficient by encouraging others to choose sustainability over habit.

This Desktop Tool for Sustainable Acquisition is meant to help MCB Camp Pendleton accomplish sustainability targets established by Executive Orders (EOs) 13423 and 13514.

Obtaining quality goods and services that meet specifications, are reasonably priced, and are delivered on time are key considerations in any acquisition. Adding sustainability considerations can make acquisition seem like a daunting task.

Nonetheless, sustainable products are often more durable, more efficient, and cost less over their life-cycle. As technology improves, so will options for sustainable acquisition.

The choices available to make a more sustainable purchase are diverse and numerous.

� Energy Efficient – measures, practices, or programs that reduce the energy used by specific devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided. These efficiencies are achieved by technical advances or operating procedures to produce the same level of output (e.g., lighting, heating, motor drive) with less energy consumption.

� Water Efficient – measures, practices, or programs that reduce the water used and wastewater produced by specific devices and systems, typically without affecting the services provided.

� Recycled/Recyclable – products that contain previously used material as a substitute for a raw or source material in the manufacturing process and/or are designed to be readily recyclable. If not recycled, this material would become waste.

SUSTAINABLE

ACQUISITION

� Bio-Based – a commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that uses biological products, or renewable domestic agricultural (plant, animal, and marine) or forestry materials. Bio-based products are often an alternative to petroleum-based products.

� Environmentally Preferable – products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environ-ment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose. Environmentally Preferable may mean less resource consuming, locally produced, reusable or less packaging, and many other features.

� Non-Ozone-Depleting – ozone depleting substances (ODSs) damage the ozone layer, which protects us from overexpo-sure from ultraviolet radiation. Additionally, ODSs remain in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. While production of some ODSs has ceased, production phase-out of Class II ODSs is still underway.

� Less Toxic – products or services that produce or are made from less toxic compounds when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose.

� Less Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) – GHGs are emitted throughout a product’s life-cycle, i.e., during product manu-facturing, transport, use and disposal. Reducing GHGs go hand in hand with reducing energy and fuel costs. A carbon footprint is an estimate of the type and quantity of gases emitted during those life-cycle activities.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

In addition to legal mandates and policy, various requirements apply to sustainable acquisition. The following EOs, regulations, policies, and guidance drive sustainable acquisition at MCB Camp Pendleton.

� Purchase only energy efficient products listed by ENERGY STAR® or designated by the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) when purchasing covered products, with certain exceptions (Energy Policy Act of 2005).

� Purchase only printing paper that contains at least 30% post-consumer fiber (EO 13514).

� Ensure at least 95% of new contracting actions for products and services that meet specifications are sustainable purchases (EO 13514).

� Purchase products from the list of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-designated products unless an exemption applies (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act [RCRA] Section 6002).

� Purchase bio-based products unless an exemption applies (2008 Farm Bill).

� Ensure 95% of electronic products purchased meet Electronic Products Environmental Assessment Tool standards where applicable; enable ENERGY STAR® features on 100% of computers and monitors; and reuse, donate, sell, or recycle 100% of electronic products using environmentally sound management practices (EO 13423).

The following sections of this Desktop Tool expand on each of the Acquisition Focus Areas listed in the below table, as well as provides information on Green Certifications, Technical Support, and Awards and Incentives.

Acquisition Focus Area Applicable Regulation(s)

Energy Efficient • Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

• Energy Policy Act of 2005

• EO 13423

• EO 13514

Water Efficient

• EO 13423

• EO 13514

Recyclable or Recycled • RCRA

• Federal Acquisition Regulations/Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations (FARs/DFARs)

• EO 13423

• EO 13514

Bio-based • Farm Bill of 2008

• EO 13423

• EO 13514

Environmentally Preferable • RCRA

• EO 13423

• EO 13514

Non- Ozone-Depleting • Clean Air Act

Less Toxic • RCRA

• EO 13423

• EO 13514

Less GHG • EO 13514

• Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

• EO 13423

Regulatory Drivers

W ater Effi cient Bio-Based

Environm entally

Preferable Less Toxic

N on

O zone-D epleting Recycled

Less G reenhouse

G ases

ENERGY EFFICIENT

MCB Camp Pendleton used 197 gigawatt-hours in Fiscal Year 2010, which cost $13.7 million. Reducing energy demand, especially peak energy demand, cuts the power generation requirements, which in turn is an important part of reducing air pollutants, GHG emissions, and dependency on fossil fuels.

Costs to procure and install energy efficient products are often recouped quickly due to the cost savings from reduced energy consumption.

The Department of Energy (DOE) implements the FEMP, which promotes energy efficient products in over 60 categories including appliances, electronics, office and industrial equipment, and energy controls. EPA’s ENERGY STAR® Program also establishes energy efficiency and performance standards in addition to consumer product labeling and education. These products, certified with an ENERGY STAR® symbol, are believed to have saved over 1.5 billion kilowatt-hours between 1992 and 2007 from reduced energy usage of ENERGY STAR® certified products compared to non-efficient counterparts.

Tips Tip #1: Look for ENERGY STAR®/FEMP designated symbols when shopping for products. These symbols show up on General Services Administration (GSA) Advantage/ Department of Defense Electronic Mall (DOD eMALL).

GSA has evaluated products and identified and listed their energy efficiency attributes. ENERGY STAR® labels can be used to compare energy consumption of products, or the average of that product category, as well as acceptable energy consumption demands.

Tip #2: The DOE FEMP website’s acquisition area includes standards, specifications, buying and user tips for each of its designated products.

Resources FEMP Acquisition Website:

www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/procuring_ eeproducts.html

Energy Cost Savings Calculator for Energy Efficient Products:

www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/technologies/eep_ eccalculators.html

Energy Star Product List:

www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_ product.

Energy Effi cient

Bio-Based Environm entally Preferable

Less Toxic N on O zone-D epleting

Recycled Less G reenhouse G ases

WATER EFFICIENT

MCB Camp Pendleton is equipped with water-consuming plumbing fixtures and landscaped areas that serve nearly 100,000 people each day. Car washes, toilets, sinks/faucets, water heaters, landscaping, dishwashers and clothes-washers can be upgraded to more efficient models. More efficient water use will not only preserve rivers and ground water, but it will save money, energy, and GHG emissions by reducing water treatment and transportation costs, especially if hot water consumption is curbed. Just fixing a dripping tap can save as much as 1,333 gallons each year.

WaterSense® and Waterwise® are product certifications that meet water efficiency specifications set by EPA. These product certifications are to water conservation and awareness what ENERGY STAR® is to energy efficiency, creating a consistent, highly recognized standard for high-performance, water-efficient products.

The DOD accounts for a majority of the total water use by the federal government, and considering the number of water-consuming products that can be found at MCB Camp Pendleton alone, choosing water-efficient products provides an excellent opportunity to conserve.

Tips Tip #1: Select WaterSense® or WaterWise® labeled showerheads, toilets/urinals and faucets when creating design specifications, repairing and/or upgrading facilities.

Tip #2: Incorporate metering into new construction specifications to allow for detailed monitoring of water use.

Tip #3: Incorporate native or drought-tolerant plants in landscaping design specifications, plant according to site conditions (i.e., soil type, sun, wind, rain, moisture levels), and minimize steep slopes to decrease runoff.

Tip #4: Incorporate rainwater recapture systems into irrigation design specifications to decrease the amount of potable water used on landscaping.

Tip #5: If using an irrigation system, use drip irrigation.

These systems can use 20 to 50% less water than conventional sprinklers.

Tip #6: As closed-loop washing systems are replaced or expanded, incorporate design specifications to operate and maintain the systems at maximum efficiency.

Resources EPA Water Sense® Program Website:

www.epa.gov/watersense/index.html

Environmental Science Activities:

esa21.kennesaw.edu/activities/water-use/water-use-overview-epa.pdf

FEMP Water Efficiency Prioritization:

www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/waterefficiency.

html

W ater Effi

W ater Effi cient Bio-Based

Environm entally

Preferable Less Toxic

N on

O zone-D epleting Less G reenhouse G ases

RECYCLED/RECYCLABLE

A product does not have to contain 100% recovered materials to be considered “recycled”, but the higher the percentage of recovered material content, the greater the amount of waste that was diverted from disposal.

Purchasing products made from recovered materials eliminates a host of environmental impacts associated with harvesting raw materials, but there are some environmental costs associated with recycling processes. Nonetheless, the following are some of the benefits resulting from purchasing recycled products:

� Reduces the need to extract raw materials;

� Diverts waste from landfills;

� Reduces GHGs that would otherwise be emitted during manufacture and degradation;

� Can cost less than non-recycled materials; and

� Supports the recycling industry.

REPROCESSING

CONSUMER

PRODUCT

COLLECTION

QRP

Recycled

Tips Tip #1: Look for labels that indicate the highest percentage of post-consumer recovered material content.

Tip 2: Use GSA Advantage whenever possible to procure products with recovered materials.

Tip #3: Work with GSA to stock items that are recyclable or contain recovered material, and promote the sustainable acquisition program through shelf labeling and preferred placement for products made with recovered material at the on-Base GSA store.

Tip #4: Include recycled or recovered materials content as a requirement in purchase orders or contracts.

Tip #5: Make sure biodegradable and recycled claims are substantiated by a percentage or a recyclable category.

Tip #6: Engage with manufacturers on take-back programs.

Resources EPA Comprehensive Procurement Guide:

www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/cpg/index.htm

GSA Advantage:

www.gsaadvantage.gov/advantage/main/start_page.do

Defense Logistic Agency’s QRP:

www.dispositionservices.dla.mil/turn-in/scrap/qrpinfo.

shtml

California’s Recycling Program and Directory:

www.calrecycle.ca.gov/RCP/Search.asp

W ater Effi cient Environm entally Preferable

Less Toxic N on O zone-D epleting

Recycled Less G reenhouse G ases

BIO-BASED

Bio-based materials can take the place of petroleum-based products. Bio-based products are either wholly or partially made of renewable agricultural products such as plant, forestry, animal, and marine materials, all of which can be sustainably harvested and naturally replenished. Examples of common bio-based ingredients/products are wood, soy, corn, ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, cotton, or algin.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible for identifying classes of products with bio-based content and has launched a program called BioPreferred. The BioPreferred Program contains a voluntary labeling program for manufacturers to identify their products as being certified as bio-based.

Advantages of purchasing bio-based products may include reduced carbon footprint, safer work environment, supporting American farmers and sustainable forests, reduced hazardous waste generation, and reduced cleanup and disposal.

Bio-Based

Tips Tip #1: Look for BioPreferred symbol or bio-based symbols when shopping for products. These symbols show up on GSA Advantage/DOD eMALL. GSA has evaluated products, and identified and listed their bio-based attributes.

Tip #2: Visit the USDA website for updates to bio-based product categories that may apply to MCB Camp Pendleton.

Resources USDA BioPreferred:

www.usda.gov/biopreferred

BioPreferred Labeling:

www.biopreferred.gov/Labeling.aspx?SMSESSION=NO

Bio-Based Categories:

www.biopreferred.gov/ProposedAndFinalItemDesignations.

aspx

W ater Effi cient Bio-Based

Less Toxic N on O zone-D epleting

Recycled Less G reenhouse G ases

ENVIRONMENTALLY

PREFERABLE

Considerations that make one product more environmentally preferable over another are exhaustive and will expand as new technologies emerge. Examples of environmentally preferable products and practices include the following:

� Locally manufactured products or a bulk distributor would likely reduce transportation impacts and consumption of petroleum-based fuels.

� A product’s improved longevity and durability would likely result in fewer replacements.

� Designing buildings and selecting construction products so that they can be more readily dismantled to recover materials for reuse or recycling at the end of their lifecycle.

� A company willing to take back packaging materials to reuse in future product distribution will prolong the lifespan of a landfill, reduce impacts associated with recycling, and eliminate disposal costs.

Environm entally

Preferable Tips Tip #1: Look for products that have local production and distribution centers.

Tip #2: Include selection criteria in Request for Proposals (RFPs) that provide preferential consideration to qualified local suppliers who provide locally sourced products and services.

Tip #3: Consider design for deconstruction for construction projects as a way to reduce construction waste in the future and save on disposal costs.

Tip #4: Select more durable carpets for heavy traffic areas, and incorporate the use of carpet tiles into specifications in order to allow only tiles with significant wear to be easily replaced.

Resources EPA Resource Conservation:

www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/materials/ecycling/basic.

htm

EPA Waste Wise Remanufactured Products:

www.epa.gov/wastes/partnerships/wastewise/pubs/ wwupda6.pdf

Tracking supply chain:

www.sourcemap.org/

Popular Vendors Take Back Program:

www.terracycle.net/en-US/

W ater Effi cient Bio-Based

Less Toxic N on O zone-D epleting

Recycled Less G reenhouse G ases

ENVIRONMENTALLY

PREFERABLE

Packaging costs money, consumes resources (i.e., energy and raw materials), increases transportation costs through added bulk and weight, and finally, typically is disposed of in a landfill. Sustainability challenges us to reduce packaging as much as possible while still meeting product protection and transportation needs. Here are some options in terms of smart and reduced packaging:

� Reusable;

� Vendor take back for repackaging and redistribution;

� Easily manufactured, transported, and recycled;

� Bulk packaging in lieu of individual packaging; and

� Quickly biodegradable, non-toxic and bio-preferred.

Tips Tip #1: Engage vendors in a conversation about possible packaging options. In addition, you hold valuable market power by asking the vendor to re-think packaging. Both the Marine Corps and the vendor will benefit from discussing new approaches. You will find that once the vendor is aware of your objectives, they can help find solutions for you.

Tip #2: Engage your legal department in drafting appropriate terms for taking back packaging upon or shortly after delivery. Other options may involve mailing back packaging and negotiating a rebate or discounted price on the product for packaging returned to the vendor. Once you have a selection of good contract terms to work with, such as smart or returned/take back of packaging and vendors become familiar with them, you will be surprised at how quickly these terms become a normal course of business.

Tip #3: Recycle any unavoidable packaging.

Resources EPA Waste Wise Program & Helpline:

www.epa.gov/epawaste/partnerships/wastewise/challenge/ transport.htm

Reusable Packaging Factsheet:

www.epa.gov/region09/waste/features/pkg-reuse/ ReusablePackaging.pdf

How State and Local Governments are Implementing Environmentally Preferred Purchasing Program:

www.epa.gov/epp/pubs/case/statenlocal.pdf

Environm entally

Preferable

W ater Effi cient Bio-Based

Environm entally

Preferable N on O zone-D epleting

Recycled Less G reenhouse G ases

LESS TOXIC

People use and are exposed to toxic substances every day that can be harmful to their health and the environment on a long-term or short-term basis. At MCB Camp Pendleton, toxic substances may be found in everyday items and routine maintenance products such as cleaning compounds, paints, adhesives, coatings, copiers, and pesticides, as well as in mission-related industrial chemicals for maintaining tactical equipment.

Recognizing products with toxic materials or ingredients is difficult, but there are certain guidelines that can help. Green Seal, a well-respected labeling program, has developed standards to recognize and certify a wide variety of products with reduced or no toxicity. The Green Seal website, www.

greenseal.org, is a helpful tool to find and compare these types of products that are less toxic to humans and the environment.

Choosing products that are less or non toxic creates a safer and more pleasant environment for everyone.

Less Toxic

Tips Tip #1: Use the Green Seal label to select cleaning products, paints, and coatings that are safer for human health and the environment.

Tip #2: Use reputable labeling programs to help identify environmentally friendly products. Be skeptical of claims that are not substantiated through third party verification.

Tip #3: Install automatic dispensing systems for cleaners to reduce human dilution error.

Tip #4: Before purchasing a chemical-based pesticide solution, consider whether a physical, mechanical, or biological control could address pest control needs.

Tip #5: Work with contracting officers to purchase copiers that do not emit ozone or styrene.

Resources EPA Green Seal Product List:

www.greenseal.org

EPA Paint and Coating Manufacturing:

www.epa.gov/air/community/details/paint_manuf.html

United Nation (UN) Environmental Labels Guide:

www.ungm.org/Publications/sp/Env_Labels_Guide.pdf

EPA Integrated Pest Management (IPM):

www.epa.gov/pesticides/food/ipm.htm

EPA Indoor Air- Green Procurement:

www.epa.gov/air/community/details/i-greenprocure_addl_ info.html

W ater Effi cient Bio-Based

Environm entally

Preferable Less Toxic

Recycled Less G reenhouse G ases

NON-OZONE-DEPLETING

EPA and international government organizations have mandated the elimination of new and imported ODSs. ODSs are harmful to the environment because they deplete the ozone layer and contribute to global climate change. In addition, EPA will criminally prosecute individuals for importing these substances. From a purchaser’s perspective, it is important to avoid creating any demand for these substances that would lead to criminal activity.

Products that normally contain ODSs, such as aerosols, foam, air conditioners, solvents, and fire extinguishers, can be replaced with functionally similar products that do not contain ODSs. EPA has established and implements the Significant New Alternative Policy (SNAP) program to assist ODS users with finding non-ODS replacements. SNAP presents product categories and the corresponding approved alternative products.

N on

O zone-D epleting

Tips Tip #1: Look for SNAP designated symbols when shopping for products. These symbols show up on GSA Advantage/ DOD eMALL. GSA has evaluated these products and identified if the product contains ODSs.

Tip #2: Require contractors and facilities managers to procure SNAP-approved refrigerant and air conditioning units and charge these units with non-ODS containing products.

Tip #3: Track down and record existing ODS equipment and monitor procurement of ODSs throughout the phase-out period.

Tip #4: Consult with MCB Camp Pendleton Assistant Chief of Staff (AC/S) Environmental Security Air Quality Branch to ensure compliance with federal and state ODS regulations as they relate to procurement.

Resources SNAP-approved categories:

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html

List of ODSs:

www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/classtwo.html

EPA ODS phase-out program:

www.epa.gov/ozone/title6/phaseout/hcfc.html

W ater Effi cient Bio-Based

Environm entally

Preferable Less Toxic

N on

O zone-D epleting Recycled

LESS GREENHOUSE

GASES

Products, services, and the way that businesses conduct operations have begun to be evaluated for their contribution to GHG emissions. The amount of GHGs contributed to the atmosphere by a product or service, or the way that a business conducts operations in a given time span is called the “carbon footprint”. A carbon footprint of a specific product, for example, takes into account GHG emissions associated with the whole life-cycle of the product including: acquiring the raw materials, manufacturing and distribution, using the finished product, and recycling or disposing of the product at the end of its useful life. By requesting and/or taking a supplier’s and/ or a product’s carbon footprint into account during acquisition decisions, MCB Camp Pendleton:

� Encourages GHG emissions accountability and tracking;

� Supports MCB Camp Pendleton’s goals under EO 13514 to reduce what are known as Scope 3 GHG emissions; and

� Assists MCB Camp Pendleton in compiling its annual Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG inventory as required by EO 13514.

Less G reenhouse

G ases

Tips Tip #1: Purchase products that have a shorter supply chain (i.e., locally sourced and produced).

Tip #2: Incorporate GHG considerations into selection criteria for RFPs.

Tip #3: Give greater consideration to suppliers who have a third party verified GHG inventory, either for their operations and/or their products, or who can demonstrate credible reductions in their GHG emissions.

Resources EPA on GHGs:

www.epa.gov/greeningepa/ghg/requirements.htm

DOD Strategic Sustainability Performance Plan:

www.acq.osd.mil/ie/

GSA Recommendations for Vendor and Contractor Emissions:

www.gsa.gov/graphics/admin/GSA_Section13_ FinalReport_040510_v2.pdf

The GHG Protocol Initiative:

www.wri.org/project/ghg-protocol

It is difficult to know which certifications can be trusted and which would meaningfully contribute to sustainability. Most of the certifications presented in this document were created by or promoted by the Federal Government. For example, bio-based is an USDA program, less toxic is administered by EPA, and ENERGY STAR® is administered by the DOE. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Sustainable Forestry Initiative are also examples of third party certifications showing that you have selected a wood or paper product sourced from a sustainably run forest. Nonetheless, there are additional certifications being developed that are designed to distinguish which products are more environmentally preferable, energy efficient, water saving, etc. For example, there are emerging initiatives to judge a product on several qualities (e.g., GHG contribution, energy consumption, transportation costs, natural resource consumption, and toxicity) and assign a single numerical score for the overall environmental performance of the product’s manufacture, distribution, usage, and disposal.

Many of these upcoming certifications may prove useful in choosing a sustainable product or service.

“GREEN” CERTIFICATIONS

IN GENERAL

Tips Tip #1: Keep an eye out for new certifications and claims made by product vendors and identify whether the claim is backed by a government entity, a trade organization, or coalition of environmental advocates.

Tip #2: Ultimately, the decision is yours on whether the product meets certain standards for sustainable acquisition, but these certifications can be extremely helpful in making and documenting your decision.

Tip #3: There will be changes and more tools developed to help buyers identify sustainable products. Here are some certifications and/or guidelines not previously highlighted but that are in development and may have a growing presence in product sales and purchasing:

� Life Cycle Assessment (LCA);

� International Organization for Standardization (ISOs) 14040, 14044, or 14025;

� Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs);

� Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Sustainability Reporting Guidelines; and

� Cleaner and Greener Certification.

Resources Sustainable Products Standards:

www.mts.sustainableproducts.com/standards.htm

Life Cycle Analysis Clearinghouse:

www.life-cycle.org/

Product Stewardship for Manufacturers:

www.pprc.org/pubs/epr/lifecycle.cfm

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

This Desktop Tool is accompanied by an electronic version that is more comprehensive and is updated as sustainable acquisition evolves. AC/S Environmental Security, Pollution Prevention Branch maintains this living document.

Contact AC/S Environmental Security, Pollution Prevention Branch at (760) 725-9757 to obtain technical support, additional resources, troubleshoot obstacles in sustainable purchasing, and to obtain access to the electronic Sustainable Acquisition Guide.

AWARDS AND INCENTIVES

The U.S. Marine Corps plans to implement incentive and outreach programs to acknowledge notable achievements in sustainable acquisition. Innovations or creative developments toward sustainability by the manufacturer, seller, distributor, military command, tenant, or purchaser can be acknowledged.

Contact AC/S Environmental Security, Pollution Prevention Branch at (760) 725-9757 to share experiences, successful product finds, or seek acknowledgement.

Sustainability can be applied to any Acquisition.

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