Exhibits 3 to 6 Specs and Maps.pdf

CONT 0319 ENG 4FRI A-S NFSR 24_25 Surface Stabilization Forest Service Supplemental Specifications to FP-14

Table of Contents Preface

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions

101.01 Meaning of Terms

101.03 Abbreviations

101.04 Definitions

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract

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103 - Scope of Work

Delete Subsections 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05

104 - Control of Work

Delete Subsections 104.01, 104.02, 104.04

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor

105 - Control of Material

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work

106 - Acceptance of Work

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements

106.02 Visual Inspection

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public

Delete Subsection 107.05

108 - Prosecution and Progress

Delete Section 108

109 - Measurement and Payment

Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09

109.01 Measurement of Work

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts

Delete Section 155

Preface Preface_wo_02_09_2022

Delete all but the first paragraph and add the following:

The Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture has adopted FP-14 for construction of National Forest System Roads.

101 - Terms¸ Format¸ and Definitions 101.01_National_11_9_2016

Add the following paragraph to Subsection 101.01:

101.01 Meaning of Terms.

Delete all references to the TAR (Transportation Acquisition Regulations) in the specifications.

101.03_National_11_9_2016

Add the following to Subsection 101.03:

101.03 Abbreviations.

(a) Acronyms.

AGAR — Agriculture Acquisition Regulations

AFPA — American Forest and Paper Association

FSAR — Forest Service Acquisition Regulations

MSHA — Mine Safety and Health Administration

NESC — National Electrical Safety Code

WCLIB — West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

(f) Miscellaneous unit abbreviations.

MP — milepost location ppm — parts per million volume

STA station location

101.04_National_1_22_2020

Make the following changes to Subsection 101.04:

101.04 Definitions.

Delete these definitions and replace the following:

Bid Schedule — The Schedule of Items.

Bridge — A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or an obstruction such as water along a road, a trail, or a railway and having a deck for carrying traffic or other loads.

Contractor — The individual or legal entity contracting with the Government for performance of prescribed work. In a timber sale contract, the contractor is the “Purchaser”.

Culvert — Any structure with a bottom, regardless of fill depth, depth of invert burial, or presence of horizontal driving surface, or any bottomless (natural channel) structure with footings that will not have wheel loads in direct contact with the top of the structure.

Drawings — (Public Works Contracts) Design sheets or fabrication, erection, or construction details submitted to the CO by the Contractor according to FAR Clause 52.236-21 Specifications and Drawings for Construction. Also refers to submissions and submittals.

Notice to Proceed — (Public Works Contracts) Written notice to the Contractor to begin the contract work.

Right-of-Way — A general term denoting (1) the privilege to pass over land in some particular line (including easement, lease, permit, or license to occupy, use, or traverse public or private lands), or (2) Real property necessary for the project, including roadway, buffer areas, access, and drainage areas.

Solicitation—(Public Works Contracts) The complete assembly of documents (whether attached or incorporated by reference) furnished to prospective bidders.

Add the following definitions:

Adjustment in Contract Price — “Equitable adjustment,” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “construction cost adjustment,” as used in the Timber Sale Contract, as applicable.

Change — “Change” means “change order” as used in the Federal Acquisition Regulations, or “design change” as used in the Timber Sale Contract.

Forest Service — The United States of America, acting through the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Neat Line — A line defining the proposed or specified limits of an excavation or structure.

Pioneer Road — Temporary construction access built along the route of the project.

Purchaser — The individual, partnership, joint venture, or corporation contracting with the Government under the terms of a Timber Sale Contract and acting independently or through agents, employees, or subcontractors.

Protected Streamcourse — A drainage shown on the plans or timber sale area map that requires designated mitigation measures.

Road Order — An order affecting and controlling traffic on roads under Forest Service jurisdiction. Road Orders are issued by a designated Forest Officer under the authorities of 36 CFR, part 260.

Shop Drawings — (Timber and Stewardship Contracts) Referred to as “Drawings” in FP-14, include drawings, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, illustrations, lists or tables, performance and test data, and similar materials furnished by Purchaser to explain in detail specific portions of the work required by the contract.

Utilization Standards —

The minimum size and percent soundness of trees described in Public Works contract specifications or Timber Sale and IRTC contract provisions to determine merchantable timber.

Add Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms:

Figure 101-1—Illustration of road structure terms.

102 - Bid¸ Award¸ and Execution of Contract 102.00_National_11_9_2016

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Delete Section 102.

103 - Scope of Work 103.00_National_11_9_2016

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Delete Subsections 103.02, 103.03, 103.04, 103.05.

104 - Control of Work 104.00_National_11_9_2016

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Delete Subsections 104.01, 104.02, 104.04.

104.06_National_11_9_2016

Add the following to Subsection 104.06:

104.06 Use of Roads by Contractor.

The Contractor is authorized to use roads under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service for all activities necessary to complete this contract, subject to the limitations and authorizations designated in the Road Order(s) or described in the contract, when such use will not damage the roads or national forest resources, and when traffic can be accommodated safely.

105 - Control of Material 105.05_National_6_29_2020

105.05 Use of Material Found in the Work.

Delete 105.05 (a) and (b) and the last sentence of the second paragraph and substitute the following:

Materials produced or processed from Government lands in excess of the quantities required for performance of this contract are the property of the Government. Place excess material safely at government-approved location, at no additional cost to government.

106 - Acceptance of Work 106.01_National_7_18_2017

Delete Subsection 106.01 and replace with the following:

106.01 Conformity with Contract Requirements.

Follow the requirements of FAR Clause 52.246-12 Inspection of Construction.

References to standard test methods of AASHTO, ASTM, GSA, and other recognized standard authorities refer to the methods in effect on the date of solicitation for bids.

Perform all work to the lines, grades, cross-sections, dimensions, and processes or material requirements shown on the plans or specified in the contract.

Incorporate manufactured materials into the work according to the manufacturer’s recommendations or to these specifications, whichever is more strict.

Plan dimensions and contract specification values are the values to be strived for and complied with as the design values from which any deviations are allowed. Perform work and provide material that is uniform in character and reasonably close to the prescribed value or within the specified tolerance range. The purpose of a tolerance range is to accommodate occasional minor variations from the median zone that are unavoidable for practical reasons.

When standard manufactured items are specified (such as fence, wire, plates, rolled shapes, pipe conduits, etc., that are identified by gauge, unit mass, section dimensions, etc.), the identification will be considered to be nominal masses or dimensions. Unless specific contract tolerances are noted, established manufacturing tolerances will be accepted.

The Government may inspect, sample, or test all work at any time before final acceptance of the project.

When the Government tests work, copies of test reports are furnished to the Contractor upon request.

Government tests may or may not be performed at the work site. If Contractor testing and inspection is verified by the Government, the Contractor’s results may be used by the Government to evaluate work for acceptance. Do not rely on the availability of Government test results for process control.

Acceptable work conforming to the contract will be paid for at the contract unit bid price. Four methods of determining conformity and accepting work are described in Subsections 106.02 to 106.05 inclusive.

The primary method of acceptance is specified in each Section of work. However, work may be rejected at any time it is found by any of the methods not to comply with the contract.

Remove, repair, or replace work that does not conform to the contract, or to prevailing industry standards where no specific contract requirements are noted. Removing, repairing, or replacing work;

providing temporary traffic control; and any other related work to accomplish conformity will be at no cost to the Government.

(a) Disputing Government test results. If the accuracy of Government test results is disputed, promptly inform the CO. If the dispute is unresolved after reasonable steps are taken to resolve the dispute, further evaluation may be obtained by written request. Include a narrative describing the dispute and a proposed resolution protocol that addresses the following:

1. Sampling method;

2. Number of samples;

3. Sample transport;

4. Test procedures;

5. Testing laboratories;

6. Reporting;

7. Estimated time and costs; and

8. Validation process.

If the evaluation requires additional sampling or testing be performed, mutually agree with the Government on witnessing procedures and on sampling and testing by a third party laboratory. Use a third party laboratory accredited by the AASHTO accreditation program. Provide proof of the laboratory’s accreditation for the test procedures to be used. Do not use the same laboratory that produced the disputed Government test results or that produced the test results used as a basis for the dispute.

The CO will review the proposed resolution protocol and may modify it before final approval and execution.

The Government will use the approved resolution protocol test results to determine the validity of the disputed testing. If the Government test results are validated, the Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the Government test results are not validated, the Government will be responsible for all costs associated with developing and performing the resolution protocol. If the validity of the Government test results cannot be determined, the Contractor and Government will equally share all costs associated with developing and carrying out the resolution protocol.

(b) Alternatives to removing and replacing non-conforming work. As an alternative to removal and replacement, the Contractor may submit a written request to:

1. Have the work accepted at a reduced price; or

2. Be given permission to perform corrective measures to bring the work into conformity.

The request must contain supporting rationale and documentation. Include references or data justifying the proposal based on an evaluation of test results, effect on service life, value of material or work, quality, aesthetics, and other tangible engineering basis. The CO will determine disposition of the nonconforming work.

106.02_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsection 106.02 and replace with the following:

106.02 Visual Inspection.

Acceptance is based on visual inspection of the work for compliance with the specific contract requirements. Use prevailing industry standards in the absence of specific contract requirements or tolerances.

107 - Legal Relations and Responsibility to the Public 107.05_National_7_18_2017

Delete Subsection 107.05.

Delete Subsection 107.05.

108 - Prosecution and Progress 108.00_National_11_9_2016

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Delete Section 108.

109 - Measurement and Payment 109.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, and 109.09:

Delete Subsections 109.06, 109.07, 109.08, 109.09.

109.01_National_2_22_2019

Delete the third paragraph and Table 109-1 of Subsection 109.01 and replace with the following:

109.01 Measurement of Work.

Take measurements as described in Subsection 109.02 unless otherwise modified by the Measurement Subsection of the section controlling the work being performed. Table 109-1 indicates the accuracy required for quantities of the various pay units used in the Schedule of Items. Use this guide to determine the decimal placement in the final payment.

Table 109-1

Decimal Accuracy of Quantities for Final Payment

Pay Item Level of Precision Linear Foot 1

Exception--Timber, Steel, and concrete Piles 0.1 Station 0.1 Mile 0.01 Square Foot 0.1 Square Yard 0.1 Each 1 Acre 0.01 Gallon 1 M-Gals. 0.1 Cubic Yard 1

Exception--Structure Excavation; Sheathing Materials; Bedding, Bed Course, and Backfill Materials; Gabions;

0.1

Exception--Concrete; Masonry 0.01 Pound 1 Ton 0.1

Exception--Calcium Chloride;

Sodium Chloride; Hydrated Lime;

Bituminous Materials; Pavements;

Bed Course Materials

0.01

Hour 0.1

MFBM 0.01

Station Yard 1 Cubic Yard Mile 1 Ton Mile 1

109.02_National_11_9_2016

Add the following sentence to Subsection 109.02(b):

109.02 Measurement Terms and Definitions.

(b) Contract quantity.

Contract quantities will be adjusted only when there are errors in the original design of 15% or more.

155 - Schedules for Construction Contracts 155.00_National_11_9_2016

Delete Section 155 in its entirety.

Delete Section 155.

Project Specific excerpts from FP-14 (not all inclusive)

Table of Contents

156 - Public Traffic

156.01 Description……………………………………………………………………….…..2

156.02 Material……………………………………………………...……………………..…2

156.03 Qualifications………………………..………………………..…………………..….2

156.05 Maintaining Roadways During Work……………………….…………………..…2

156.06 Maintaining Roadways During Non-Work Periods……..….…………………….3

156.07 Limitations on Construction Operations…………………..………………………3

301.05 Compacting………………………………………………………..……………………4

303 Road Reconditioning…………………………………………………..…………………..4

303.01 Description………………………………………………………..……………….…4

303.02 Material……………………………………………………………..……………...…4

303.03 Ditch Reconditioning………………………………………………..………………4

303.04 Shoulder Reconditioning…………………………………………….....…………..4

303.05 Roadbed Reconditioning………………………………….…………..……………4

303.06 Aggregate Surface Reconditioning……………………………………..…..……..4 311 Stabilized Aggregate Surface Course……………..……….……………………………5

311.01 Description………………………………………..……………………………….…5

311.02 Material……………………………………………..…………………………….….5

311.03 Proportioning………………………………………..…………………...………….5

311.04 General………………………………………………..……………….……………..5

311.05 Mixing and Placing……………………………………..……………………………5

311.06 Compacting and Finishing……………………………...…………………………..6

311.07 Acceptance………………………………………………..…………………………6

635 Temporary Traffic Control ………………………………………....……………………..7

635.01 Description…………………………………………………..………………………7

635.02 Material……………………………………………………….……………….……..7

635.03 Qualifications………………………………………………….…………………….7

635.04 General………………………………………….…………….……………………..7

635.06 Cones and Tubular Markers………………………………….………..………….8

635.07 Construction Signs…………………………………………….……………………8

635.08 Drums…………………………………………………………….………………….8

635.09 Flaggers………………………………………………………….………………….8

635.10 Pilot Cars……………………………………………….………….………………..8

635.15 Warning Lights…………………………………………………….………………..8

703.05 Subbase, Base, and Surface Course Aggregate………………….……………….9

703.06 Crushed Aggregate…………………………………………………….……………...9

Section 156. — PUBLIC TRAFFIC

156.01 Description. This work consists of controlling and protecting public traffic adjacent to and within the project. See FAR Clause 52.236-13 Accident Prevention.

156.02 Material. Conform to Section 635

Construction Requirements

156.03 Qualifications. Provide a traffic control supervisor certified by a state department of transportation, ATSSA, or other acceptable certification programs.

156.04 Accommodating Traffic During Work. Accommodate traffic according to the MUTCD, contract traffic control plan, Section 635, and this Section. An alternate traffic control plan may be submitted for approval according to Subsection 104.03. Submit alternate traffic control plans at least 30 days before intended use.

Perform work in a manner that ensures the safety and convenience of the public and protects the residents and property adjacent to the project. Accommodate public traffic on roads adjacent to and within the project until the project is accepted according to Subsection 106.07(b).

156.05 Maintaining Roadways During Work. Maintain roadways as follows:

(a) Construct and remove diversion roads and bridges as required by the traffic control plan;

(b) Maintain intersections with trails, roads, streets, businesses, parking lots, residences, garages, farms, and other features;

(c) Snow removal to facilitate the work is the Contractor’s responsibility. Snow removal to provide public access is the responsibility of the maintaining agency and will be performed at the maintaining agency’s discretion. Allow the maintaining agency access to perform snow removal;

(d) Maintain a dust-free traveled way such that visibility and air quality are not affected and a hazardous condition is not created;

(e) Remove accumulations of soil and other material from traveled way;

(f) Do not allow water to pond on the traveled way; and

(g) Maintain the roadway, detours, and diversions in a safe and acceptable condition.

If corrective action is requested and the corrective action is not taken immediately, the condition may be corrected and the cost of the corrective action deducted from monies due the Contractor.

156.06 Maintaining Roadways During Non-Work Periods. Maintain roadways and traffic control for public traffic during periods when work is not in progress. Snow removal to provide public access is the responsibility of the maintaining agency.

156.07 Limitations on Construction Operations. When the roadway is open to public traffic, restrict operations as follows:

(a) Operate equipment in the direction of traffic, where practical;

(b) For shoulder drop-offs of 3 inches (75 millimeters) or less, provide "Low Shoulder" warning signs. For shoulder drop-offs in excess of 3 inches (75 millimeters), provide a 1V:3H fillet with "Shoulder Drop-Off" warning signs. Complete the construction of shoulders adjacent to traffic lanes to the same elevation within 14 days;

(c) Provide minimum lane widths of 10 feet (3 meters). Use barricades, drums, or other acceptable devices to delineate traffic lanes through areas where the edge of pavement or intended path has been obliterated by construction operations;

(d) Locate staging areas at least 30 feet (9 meters) from the traveled way or behind acceptable traffic barriers. Obtain approval of the location and access to staging areas.

Store unused traffic control devices at staging areas;

(e) Park equipment at least 30 feet (9 meters) from the traveled way or behind acceptable traffic barriers;

(f) Provide parking areas for employee’s personal vehicles in approved areas;

(g) Provide uninterrupted two-way communications between flaggers and also between flaggers and pilot cars unless flaggers are able to see each other and communicate.

Use communications devices approved by the CO. Citizen band radios are unacceptable. Make communication devices available to the CO as necessary;

(h) Where switching traffic to a completed lane, provide adequate personnel and equipment to set or relocate traffic control devices;

(i) Limit construction-caused delays to public traffic to a maximum of 30 minutes per passage through the project; and

(j) Maintain existing guardrails, barriers, and bridge railings until removal is necessary for construction. Use a temporary barrier or appropriate channelizing devices while the guardrails and bridge rails are absent. Install permanent barriers, guardrails, and bridge rails as soon as possible to minimize risk to the public.

301.05 Compacting. Determine the maximum density of the mixture according to AASHTO T 180, Method D.

Compact each layer full width. Roll from the sides to the center, parallel to the centerline of the road. Along curbs, headers, walls, and places not accessible to the roller, compact the material with approved tampers or compactors.

Compact each layer to at least 95.0 percent of maximum density. Determine the in-place density and moisture content according to AASHTO T 310 or other approved test procedures.

Section 303. — ROAD RECONDITIONING

303.01 Description. This work consists of reconditioning ditches, shoulders, roadbeds, aggregate surfaces, or the entire road.

303.02 Material. Water shall meet requirements of Section 725.01(c)

Construction Requirements

303.03 Ditch Reconditioning. Remove slide material, sediment, vegetation, and other debris from existing ditches and culvert inlets/outlets. Reshape ditches and culvert inlets/outlets to achieve positive drainage and uniform ditch width, depth, and grade.

Dispose of waste at designated sites or according to Subsection 204.14.

303.04 Shoulder Reconditioning. Remove slide material, vegetation, and other debris from existing shoulders including shoulders in parking areas, turnouts, and other widened areas. Repair soft and unstable areas according to Subsection 204.07. Reshape shoulders to the widths and slopes shown in the plans. Dispose of waste at designated sites or according to Subsection 204.14.

303.05 Roadbed Reconditioning. Remove organic, deleterious, and material larger than 6 inches (150 millimeters) from the top 6 inches (150 millimeters) of subgrade. Dispose of waste according to Subsection 204.14. Repair soft and unstable areas according to Subsection 204.07. Scarify surface to a 6-inch (150-millimeter) depth. Remove irregularities and shape to a uniform surface. Finish earth surfaces to within 0.05 feet (15 millimeters) and rock surfaces to within 0.10 feet (30 millimeters) of required line, grade, and cross-section. Compact according to Subsection 204.11.

303.06 Aggregate Surface Reconditioning. Repair soft and unstable areas to the full aggregate surface depth and according to Subsection 204.07. Scarify the thickness of aggregate surfacing material or to 6 inches (150 millimeters), whichever is less. Remove irregularities and shape to a uniform surface. Finish and compact the surface according to Subsection 302.05.

Section 311. — STABILIZED AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE

311.01 Description. This work consists of constructing a stabilized aggregate surface course with either imported or in-place aggregate.

Aggregate stabilization is designated as imported aggregate course or in-place aggregate course.

Aggregate grading is designated according to Exhibit 5 – Aggregates for Earthwork

311.02 Material. Conform to the following Subsections:

Surface course aggregate (imported) Exhibit 5 Gradation G Water 725.01(c)

Construction Requirements

311.03 Proportioning. Determine the proportioning quantities of aggregate, mag chloride, lignon, and water required. Sample the imported aggregate or aggregate course before beginning stabilization operations. Determine the maximum density and optimum moisture content according AASHTO T 180, Method D. The target for stabilizing agent shall be 1 gallon per square yard of compacted material (4” thickness). Set target water content at the time of mixing between 2 percent below optimum and optimum moisture content.

311.04 General. After a representative quantity of imported aggregate is produced, submit proposed target values for the appropriate sieve sizes to the CO. Set target values for the aggregate within the gradation ranges shown in Exhibit 5 Gradation G. List the percent passing for sieve sizes shown in Exhibit 5 Gradation G.

Store stabilizing agent in closed, weatherproof containers. Begin application or mixing operations only when the ambient air temperature is 40 °F (4 °C) or above and is not expected to fall below 40 °F (4 °C) within 48 hours. Construct stabilized aggregate course when the underlying layer is dry and unfrozen.

(a) Imported aggregate course. Prepare the underlying surface according to Subsection 303.05.

(b) In-place aggregate course. Prepare the surface according to Subsection 303.06.

311.05 Mixing and Placing.

(a) In-place mixing. When imported aggregates are used, spread aggregate on the prepared surface in a uniform layer to the specified width.

For an imported or in-place aggregate course; maintain the quantities of calcium chloride and water content to within the following tolerances:

Water ±0.5 percent by total dry mass

Mix stabilizing agent uniformly through the prepared aggregate surface. Use distributor or rotary mixing equipment capable of metering and applying stabilizing agent and water uniformly across the full width of the surface to be mixed. For distribution equipment, verify the application rate by performing weight yield test panels for the first load of each distributor truck. For rotary mixing equipment, verify the application rate by calculating yields.

Mix the stabilizing agent into the aggregate course with rotary mixing equipment capable of uniformly mixing the material full depth in one pass.

Shape the aggregate course to the required cross-section after mixing is complete.

Route hauling equipment uniformly over the full width of the aggregate surface to minimize rutting or uneven compaction.

311.06 Compacting and Finishing. Compact the mixture according to Subsection 301.05.

Finish the aggregate course according to Subsection 301.06 and produce a surface free of loose material.

311.07 Acceptance. See Table 311-1 for sampling, testing, and acceptance requirements;

including the acceptance quality characteristic category.

stabilizing agent will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03.

Surface course aggregate (imported) will be evaluated for gradation, fractured faces, liquid limit, and plasticity index under Subsection 106.05. Other aggregate quality properties will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

(a) Aggregate gradation. The upper and lower specification limits are equal to the calculated mean of all test results plus or minus the allowable deviations shown in Table 703-3, except as follows:

(1) If the calculated mean value for a tested sieve exceeds the maximum gradation value shown in Exhibit 5, the upper specification is equal to the maximum gradation value plus the allowable deviation, and the lower specification is equal to the maximum gradation value minus the allowable deviation.

(2) If the calculated mean value for a tested sieve is less than the minimum gradation value shown in Exhibit 5, the upper specification is equal to the minimum gradation value plus the allowable deviation and the lower specification is equal to the minimum gradation value minus the allowable deviation.

(b) Fractured faces. When aggregate is produced from a gravel source, use the specification limit shown in Exhibit 5

(c) Liquid limit index. The specification limit is shown in Exhibit 5

(d) Plasticity liquid limit. The specification limit is shown in Exhibit 5

Construction of aggregate stabilization courses will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04.

Reconditioning of the aggregate course for in-place aggregate will be evaluated under Section 303.

Preparation of the surface on which the treated imported aggregate course is placed will be evaluated under Section 303.

Section 635. — TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

635.01 Description This work consists of furnishing, installing, maintaining, relocating, and removing temporary traffic control devices and services as ordered for the control and protection of public traffic through the project.

Advance warning arrow board, barricade, and warning light types are designated in the

MUTCD.

635.02 Material Conform to the MUTCD

Construction Requirements

635.03 Qualifications. Provide flaggers certified by ATSSA, the National Safety Council, a state department of transportation, or other acceptable organization. Use pilot car operators conforming to the qualifications of a flagger.

635.04 General. Furnish, install, and maintain temporary traffic control devices adjacent to and within the project as required by the MUTCD, traffic control plan, and Section 156.

Install and maintain traffic control devices as follows:

(a) Furnish and install traffic control devices before the start of construction operations;

(b) Install only those traffic control devices needed for each stage or phase;

(c) Relocate temporary traffic control devices as necessary;

(d) Remove devices that no longer apply to the existing conditions;

(e) Immediately replace devices that are lost, stolen, destroyed, or inoperative;

(f) Keep temporary traffic control devices clean;

(g) Furnish and maintain traffic control devices that meet the "acceptable" standard described in ATSSA, Quality Standards for Work Zone Traffic Control Devices. Amend the ATSSA standards as follows:

(1) Repair or remove and replace "marginal" devices within 48 hours; and

(2) Repair or remove and replace "unacceptable" devices immediately;

(h) Remove temporary traffic control devices upon contract completion or when approved; and

(i) Furnish crashworthy temporary traffic control devices.

635.06 Cones and Tubular Markers. Use cones or tubular markers of the height specified or according to the MUTCD. Use Type III or Type VI retroreflective sheeting.

635.07 Construction Signs. Use Type III, IV, VIII, IX, or XI prismatic retroreflective sheeting. Use fluorescent sheeting for orange signs. For roll-up signs, use florescent Type VI retroreflective sheeting.

Install posts according to MUTCD standards. Portable sign supports may be used instead of sign posts when approved by the CO.

Remove or completely cover unnecessary signs. Use metal, plywood, or other acceptable material to cover signs. Do not use adhesives glues, tapes, or mechanical fasteners that mar the face of the panel of the sign to be covered.

635.08 Drums. Use plastic drums that are at least 36 inches (900 millimeters) high and at least 18 inches (450 millimeters) in diameter. Use Type III or Type VI retroreflective sheeting.

635.09 Flaggers. Use flaggers certified according to Subsection 635.03. Use Type III, IV, VIII, IX, or XI retroreflective sheeting on flagger paddles. Do not use flags.

635.10 Pilot Cars. Use pilot car operators certified according to Subsection 635.03. Mount a "PILOT CAR FOLLOW ME" sign on the rear and a high-intensity, rotating, flashing, oscillating, or strobe light on the roof of the pilot car.

635.15 Warning Lights. Use warning lights of the types shown in the plans or according to the MUTCD. Install warning lights with a minimum mounting height of 30 inches (750 millimeter) to the bottom of the lens. Secure lights to the top of the traffic control device they are supplementing. Use batteries recommended by the light manufacturer. Mount large batteries below windshield height and preferably on the ground. Replace batteries when they no longer provide satisfactory performance.

Use Type C steady-burn warning lights for delineation on barricades or drums. Use Type A low-intensity flashing warning lights on the first 2 barricades or drums in the merging or shifting taper series. Use Type B high-intensity flashing warning lights on the first two advance warning signs. Type A and Type C warning lights are intended to warn road users during nighttime hours, while Type B warning lights are intended to warn road users during both daylight and nighttime hours.

Section 725. — MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL

725.01 Water. Water for earthwork, pavement courses, dust control, and incidental construction shall be free of substances detrimental to the work.

725.05 Mineral Filler. Conform to AASHTO M 17.

Exhibit 6

Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests

Best Management Practices for Road Maintenance

October 5, 2012

The following synopsis is compiled from:

Keller, Gordon and James Sherar. 2003. Low Volume Roads Engineering; Best Management Practices Field Guide. 158 pgs illustrated. Produced for US Agency for International Development (USAID) in cooperation with USDA Forest Service and Conservation Management Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

This reference is available electronically (accessed August 2010) from:

http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24600/24650/Index_BMP_Field_Guide.htm

Key objectives: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Best Management Practices are designed to accomplish the following:

A. Produce a safe, cost effective, environmentally friendly, and practical road design that is supported by and meets the needs of the users;

B. Protect water quality and reduce sediment loading into water bodies;

C. Avoid conflicts with land use;

D. Protect sensitive areas and reduce ecosystem impacts;

E. Maintain natural channels, natural stream flow, and maintain passage for aquatic organisms;

F. Minimize ground and drainage channel disturbance;

G. Control surface water on the road and stabilize the roadbed driving surface;

H. Control erosion and protect exposed soil areas;

I. Implement needed slope stabilization measures and reduce mass wasting;

J. Avoid problematic areas; and K. Storm-proof and extend the useful life of the road.

L. Minimize the spread of noxious weeds through pressure washing equipment transported onto Forest lands from other areas.

Key Road Maintenance Items: BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Maintenance items that should be performed routinely include:

A. Grading and shaping the roadway surface to maintain a distinct in-sloped, out-sloped, or crown shape to move water rapidly off the road surface.

http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/24000/24600/24650/Index_BMP_Field_Guide.htm

B. Compacting the graded roadway surface to keep a hard driving surface and prevent the loss of fines. Replace surfacing material when needed. Keep the road surface moist during grading and compacting!

C. Removing ruts through rolling dips and water bars. Reshape the structures to function properly.

D. Cleaning ditches and reshaping them when necessary to have adequate flow capacity.

Do not grade ditches that do not need it!

E. Removing debris from the entrance and immediately upstream of culverts to prevent plugging and overtopping. Check for damage and signs of piping or scour.

F. Replacing/repairing rock armor, concrete, or vegetation used for slope protection, scour protection, or energy dissipation.

G. Trimming roadside vegetation (brushing) adequately, but not excessively, for sight distance and traffic safety. See Figure 1 below.

H. Replacing missing or damaged road information, safety, and regulatory signs.

Figure 1: Vegetation clearing limits.

Recommended Practices for Road Maintenance

General Maintenance and Grading

a. Inspect the road at regular intervals, especially following periods of heavy rains.

b. Perform maintenance when needed. DO NOT WAIT! The longer you wait, the more on-site damage and off-site sedimentation will occur and repairs will be more costly.

c. Keep ditches and culverts free from debris, but maintain an erosion resistant surfacing such as grass or rock in the ditches. Remove debris during inspections. Also keep overflow channels clean.

d. Re-grade and shape the road surface periodically to maintain proper surface drainage.

Keep the road surface moist during grading. Fill in ruts and potholes with gravel or compacted fill as frequently as possible. Keep rolling dips shaped and graded. Ideally, compact the final graded road surface.

e. Maintain positive surface drainage with an out-sloped, in-sloped, or crown roadway section using 3 - 5 % cross slopes (up to 5% is best). Provide cross drainage with culvert pipes or rolling dips. In slippery soils, either in-slope the road or add aggregate surfacing to the road. Use a crown road section on a wide road with gentle slopes or flat ground to prevent water from standing on the road surface. See Figure 2 below.

Figure 2: Road surface drainage design.

f. Roll grades or undulate the road profile frequently to disperse water, particularly into and out of stream crossings.

g. Keep the downhill side of the road free from a berm except where a berm is intentionally constructed to control water or traffic.

h. Apply a surface stabilization material, such as aggregate, cobblestone, or pavement, to the road surface to protect the roadbed from damage and reduce the frequency of maintenance needed.

i. Avoid disturbing soil and vegetation if not necessary. Leave as much vegetation (grasses) in ditches, on road shoulder areas, and on cut or fill slopes (especially grasses and low growing brush) as possible. However, ensure sight distance and that the drainage systems still function properly.

j. Remove slide material from the roadway or inside ditches where the material will block normal roadway surface drainage.

k. Avoid widening the road or over-steepening the fill slopes formed by blading surface material off the road.

l. Close the road during very wet conditions or periods of inactivity. If the following guidelines are exceeded, this may be a threshold to either temporarily close the road or schedule heavier maintenance to allow use during wet conditions.

1. Unpaved Local Terminal and Service roads: 6 – 8 inch rutting for a maximum of 75 feet not to exceed 10% of total road length. Where surfacing has been placed on the road, see standard for Collector road.

2. Collector and Arterial Roads: 3 inch rutting for entire length of road if surfaced. If unsurfaced the guideline will be the same as for Local Service.

3. Drainage: Existing grade dips. If rutted to the point of being non-functional, grade dips will be restored before hauling can continue. Lead-out ditches, roadside ditches, and catch basins will be maintained in a functional state.

Natural Stream Crossings

a. Use drainage structures that best conform to the natural channel and that are as wide as the active stream channel (bankfull width). Minimize natural channel changes and the amount of excavation or fill in the channel.

b. Limit construction activity to periods of low flow in live streams. Minimize use of equipment in the stream. Stay out of the stream!

c. Design structures and use construction practices that minimize impacts on fish and other aquatic species or that can enhance fish passage.

d. Cross drainage channels as infrequently as possible. When necessary, cross streams at right angles except where prevented by terrain features.

e. Keep approaches to stream crossings to as gentle a grade as practical. Roll grades into and out of the crossing to disperse water.

f. Stabilize disturbed soil around crossings soon after construction. Remove or protect fill material placed in the channel and floodplain.

g. Use bridges, low-water fords or improved fords, and large arch pipes with natural stream bottoms wherever possible to maximize flow capacity, minimize the possibility of a plugged pipe, and minimize impacts on aquatic species.

h. Locate crossings where the stream channel is straight, stable, and not changing shape.

Bedrock locations are desirable for concrete structures.

i. For overflow protection, construct fills over culverts with an armored low point near the pipe in low fills or add an armored rolling dip on native ground just beyond a large fill to return water to the drainage and prevent off-site damage.

j. Stabilize roadway approaches to bridges, fords, or culvert crossings with gravel, rock, or other suitable material to reduce road surface sediment from entering the stream. Install cross-drains on both sides of a crossing to prevent road and ditch runoff from entering the drainage channel.

k. Construct bridges and culvert fills higher than the road approach to prevent road surface runoff from draining directly into the stream -- but ONLY if likelihood of culvert failure is VERY small. Typically, the crossing should be designed to minimize the amount of fill.

l. Equipment should be clean from weed seeds / plant parts and petroleum products (leaks) working in and around live streams.

Fords and Low Water Crossings

a. Use an adequately long slab or structure to protect the “wetted perimeter” of the natural flow channel. Add protection above the expected level of the high flow. Allow for some freeboard, typically 12 to 18 inches in elevation, between the top of the reinforced driving surface (slab) and the expected high water level. The flow capacity of a ford, and thus the high water level, can be estimated using a “Broad-Crested Weir” formula.

b. Protect the entire structure with cutoff walls, riprap, gabions, concrete slabs, or other scour protection. The downstream edge of a ford is a particularly critical location for scour and needs energy dissipaters or riprap protection because of the typical drop in water level off the structure and the accelerated flows across the slab.

c. For simple rock fords, use large graded rock in the roadbed through the creek, large enough to resist the flow of water. Fill the voids with clean, small rock or gravel to provide a smooth driving surface. This small rock will have to be periodically maintained and replaced.

d. Use fords for crossing seasonally dry streambeds or streams with low flows during most periods of road use. Use improved (vented) fords with pipes or concrete box culverts to pass low water flows. Accommodate fish passage where needed using box culverts with a natural stream channel bottom.

e. Locate fords where stream banks are low and where the channel is well confined. For moderately incised drainages, use improved fords with pipe or box culverts.

f. Place foundations into scour resistant material (bedrock or coarse rock) or below the expected depth of scour. Prevent foundation or channel scour with the use of locally placed heavy riprap, gabion baskets, concrete reinforcement or dense vegetation.

g. Use well placed, sturdy depth markers at fords to advise traffic of dangerous water depths.

Maintenance of Drainage Systems

a. Use roadway cross-drain structures (either rolling dips, pipe culverts, or open top culverts (flumes) to move water across the road from the inside ditch to the slope below the road. Space the cross-drain structures frequently enough to remove all surface water. Tables in the reference document give recommended cross-drain spacing.

b. Maintain roads with rolling grades to minimize concentration of water. Provide filter strips or infiltration areas to trap sediment between drain outlets and waterways. Keep roads and streams (any natural drainage way) disconnected!

c. Construct rolling dips rather than culvert cross-drains for typical, low volume, low speed roads with grades less than 12%. Construct rolling dips deep enough to provide adequate drainage, angled 0-25 degrees from perpendicular to the road, with a 3-5% out-slope, and long enough (50 to 200 feet) to pass vehicles and equipment. In soft soils, armor the mound and dip with gravel or rock, as well as the outlet of the dip. See Figure 3 and Table 1 below.

d. Construct water bars on infrequently used roads or closed roads to control surface runoff. Construct frequently spaced water bars angled at 0-25 degrees with an out-slope of 3-5% and a depth of 12 to 18 inches. Spacing of water bars is shown in tables below.

e. Use catch water ditches (intercept ditches) across the natural ground above a cut slope only in areas with high intensity rainfall and overland flow. These ditches are useful to capture overland sheet flow before it pours over the cut slope and erodes or destabilizes the cut. However, be aware that catch water ditches are that are not properly maintained can become a counterproductive pool for water above the slope, increasing the probability of a slope failure.

f. Avoid the use of outside ditches, along the outside edge of the road, except in specific areas that must be protected from sheet flow off the road surface. Preferably, use berms. Note that an outside ditch or berm necessitates additional road width.

Table 1: Recommended Maximum Distance Between Rolling Dip or Culvert Cross Drains (feet)

Road Grade % Drainage Spacing (ft)

0-3 250 4-6 165 7-9 130 Table 2: Recommended Water Bar Spacing (feet)

Road Grade % Drainage Spacing (ft)

0-5 130 6-10 100

Figure 3: Grade Dip Typicals.

Ditch Relief or Cross-Drain Culverts

a. Protect cross-drain outlets with rock (riprap), brush, or logging slash to dissipate energy and prevent erosion, or locate the outlet of cross drains on stable, non-erosive soils, rock, or in well vegetated areas.

b. Install culvert cross-drains with an angle of 0-30 degrees perpendicular to the road, using an out-slope of 2% greater than the ditch grade to prevent plugging. Use culvert cross-drains on roads with an inside ditch and moderately fast vehicle speeds.

c. Ditch relief cross-drains should exit at the toe of the fill near natural ground level, at least 1.5 feet beyond the toe of the fill slope. Armor the pipe outlet. Don’t discharge the pipe on unprotected fill material, unstable slopes, or directly into streams.

Control at Culvert Inlets & Outlets

1. When ditch grade control is needed, use drop inlet structures with culvert cross-drains to prevent ditch down-cutting or where space is limited against the cut bank. Alternately, use catch basins excavated into firm soil.

2. Discharge culverts and cross-drain dips at natural ground level, on firm, non erosive soil or in rocky or brushy areas. If discharged on the fill slopes, armor outlets with riprap or logging slash, or use down-drain structures. Extend the pipe

1.5 to 3 feet beyond the toe of the fill slope to prevent erosion of the fill material.

3. In erosive soils, armor roadway ditches and leadoff ditches with rock riprap, masonry, concrete lining or, at a minimum, grasses. Ditch dike structures can also be used to dissipate energy and control ditch erosion. Discharge roadway drains in an area with infiltration capability or into filter strips to trap sediment before it reaches a waterway. Keep the road and streams hydrologically “disconnected.”

Figure 4: Culvert details.

Drainage Crossing Culverts

a. Install permanent culverts with a size large enough to pass design flood flows plus anticipated debris. Design for 20- to 50-year storm events. Sensitive streams may require designs to pass a 100-year flood. Pipe size can be determined using general design criteria, but is ideally based upon site-specific hydrologic analysis.

b. Consider impacts of any structure on fish passage and the aquatic environment. Select a structure such as a bridge or bottomless arch culvert that is as wide as the ordinary high water width (bankfull width), that minimizes channel disturbance, and that maintains the natural channel bottom material.

c. Make road crossings of natural drainages perpendicular to the drainage to minimize pipe length and area of disturbance.

d. Use single large pipes or a concrete box versus multiple smaller diameter pipes to minimize plugging potential in most channels (unless roadway elevation is critical). In very broad channels, multiple pipes are desirable to maintain the natural flow spread across the channel.

e. For sites with limited height, use “squash pipe” or arch pipes and box culverts that maximize capacity while minimizing height.

f. Use concrete or masonry headwalls on culvert pipes as often as possible. The advantages of headwalls include: preventing large pipes from floating out of the ground when they plug; reducing the length of the pipe; increasing pipe capacity; helping to funnel debris through the pipe; retaining the backfill material; and reducing the chances of culvert failure if it is overtopped.

g. Install culverts long enough so that both ends of the culvert extend beyond the toe of the roadway fill. Alternatively, use retaining walls (headwalls) to hold back the fill slope.

h. Align culverts in the bottom and middle of the natural channel so that installation causes no change in the stream channel alignment or stream bottom elevation. Culverts should not cause damming or pooling or increase stream velocities significantly.

i. Firmly compact well-graded fill material around culverts, particularly around the bottom half, using placement in layers to achieve a uniform density. Use slightly plastic sandy gravel with fines. Avoid the use of fine sand and silt rich soils for bedding material because of their susceptibility to piping. Pay particular attention to culvert bedding and compaction around the haunches of the pipe. Do not allow the compaction to move or raise the pipe. In large fills, allow for settlement by installing the pipe with camber.

j. Cover the top of metal and plastic culvert pipes with fill to a depth of at least 30 cm to prevent pipe crushing by heavy trucks. Use a minimum cover of two feet of fill over concrete pipe. For maximum allowable fill height, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

k. Examine stream channels for the amount of debris, logs, and brushy vegetation. In channels with large amounts of debris, consider using a low-water ford, oversized pipes, or placing a trash rack upstream of the pipe entrance.

l. Install overflow dips off the side of the culvert in drainage channels with a large fill that could be overtopped. Also use overflow dips on long sustained road grades where a plugged culvert could divert water down the road, plugging subsequent culverts and causing extensive off-site damage.

Roadway Materials and Materials Sources

a. Stabilize the roadway surface on roads that form ruts or ravel excessively. Common surface stabilization techniques include using 4-6 inches of crushed aggregate; local pit run or grid roll rocky material; cobblestone surfacing; wood chips or fine logging slash; or soils mixed and stabilized with cement, asphalt, lime, lignin, chlorides, chemicals, or enzymes.

b. For heavy…