Attachment_A_-_PWS.docx

ATTACHMENT A – PERFORMANCE WORK STATEMENT (PWS)

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Introduction – This project requires vegetation surveys to provide data for record keeping, monitoring and analysis of forest stands.

1.2 Background - The proposed project includes reforestation units and natural stands. Project units are between the 4000–6000-foot elevations. Topography is gentle to steep (20-90%), but generally gentle. Vegetation types occurring in the units are generally associated with white fir, Douglas-fir, Ponderosa pine, manzanita, and ceanothus.

Both canopy cover surveys and stand exam units are generally in natural, uneven aged, conifer dominated stands. There may be some plantation stands of various ages as well. Younger stands may have large remnant trees from previous disturbance or harvest that are much older.

1.3 The objectives are to capture information on stocking, stand composition, basal area, age, stand volume, and site characteristics as well as location of gaps, stratum, and large trees. All stand exam field data shall be entered into the “BLM EcoSurvey” computer program using hand-held personal computer. The electronically collected data then will be transferred to a “BLM EcoSurvey Lite” computer program using the Contractor’s PC. The Contractor shall then submit the electronic data to the BLM via e-mail or flash drive or other agreed upon media. Canopy cover plot will be collected on paper forms (or electronic device) and submitted as excel spreadsheets.

1.4 Location of Project Areas - The work will be performed on the BLM Lakeview District Area of Responsibility in southern Oregon from the city limits of Klamath Falls, OR. The specific location of sample exam units is shown on the maps located in Section J.

1.5 Boundaries of Project Areas - The project areas are generally identifiable as logged units or by changes in vegetation, roads, or flagging. The boundaries can be adjacent timber stands, recent harvest unit’s property line boundaries, or other natural or manmade features that clearly define the boundary as noted on the project area maps.

The unit boundaries are identified on aerial photographs, vicinity maps or project area maps. Aerial photos or copies of aerial photos are available for field use by request; aerial photos shall be returned prior to final payment. When requested by the Contractor, the Contracting Officer Representative (COR) will help identify the boundaries of the stand exam units.

1.6 Access to Project Areas

1.6.1 Access to individual units will be over BLM logging roads with a variety of surfaces, i.e., gravel, paved, or natural. Access to units located on natural surface roads may be limited during periods of wet weather to prevent damage to the roadbed. Some units may require walk-ins of up to one mile on barricaded roads or cross country.

1.6.2 Contractors accessing project areas via private land shall obtain permission to travel over private lands unless the Government has already obtained access from the private landowner. Otherwise, the Contractor shall provide the Government a written statement or written documentation of verbal approval given by a named person on a stated date and time that the contractor has been granted permission to travel over private lands.

1.6.3 Locked Gates - Some units may be behind locked gates. Access to areas behind locked gates will not be permitted before contract award. Access to areas behind locked gates shall be for the purpose of conducting work under this contract only. Locked gates shall always remain locked other than when the Contractor is passing through them. Units behind immovable barricades may require a walk- in of up to one mile to perform project work.

1.6.4 A key for access to locked gates will be supplied to the Contractor after the contract is awarded. The key shall be returned to the COR in a usable condition before final payment is made. The Contractor shall be charged $30.00 for each key lost or returned in an unusable condition.

1.6.5 When two or more locks are present on a gate, the Contractor shall secure the lock so that access is not restricted nor prevents the unlocking of other locks on the gate. If this procedure is not followed by the Contractor’s crews and residents located behind BLM gates are locked out, the Contractor shall be charged $50.00 for Government administrative costs required to correct the misplaced locks on the gate.

1.7 Notification of Cessation or Restart of Work

The Contractor shall notify the COR whenever contractor personnel intend to cease operations for two

(2) or more days and will notify the COR before starting operations after a shutdown of two (2) or more days.

1.8 Hazardous Materials and Solid Waste Discovery

If, in connection with the operation under this contract, the Contractor, subcontractor, or the employees of them discovers, encounters, or becomes aware of any hazardous materials or solid waste on the project area, such as closed glass or plastic containers, barrels, chemical and oil spills, the Contractor shall immediately suspend all operations in the vicinity of the hazardous material or solid waste and shall notify the COR of the findings. Operations shall resume at the discovery site upon receipt of written instructions. No objects of hazardous materials or solid waste shall be removed from the project area.

Dumping of any waste material at any time, including any waste generated by the Contractor during the commission of work under this contract, on Federal lands is a violation of Federal Law (43 CFR 8365.1-1(b)(1) and (4).

1.9 Cultural Resource Protection

If, in connection with operations under this contract, the Contractor, subcontractors, or the employees of any of them, discovers, encounters, or becomes aware of any objects or sites of cultural value on the project area such as historical objects or prehistoric fossils or artifacts, the Contractor shall immediately suspend all operations in the vicinity of the cultural value and will notify the COR of the findings. Operations shall resume at the discovery site upon receipt of written instructions. No objects of cultural value shall be removed.

Pursuant to 43 CFR 10.4(g) the holder of this authorization must notify the CO with written confirmation, immediately upon discovery of human remains, funerary items, sacred objects, or objects of cultural patrimony. Further, pursuant to 43 CFR 10.4(c) and (d), the Contractor must stop activities in the vicinity of the discovery and protect it for 30 days or until notified to proceed by the CO.

1.10 Found Equipment

Should any of the Contractor's personnel find equipment on a project area, it is their duty to report the discovery to the COR. It will be the PI's responsibility to return any such equipment to the proper facility. Any U.S. Government property found on the project area is the property of the U.S. Government.

2.0 DEFINITIONS

Age Tree - A live tree assigned with the tree flag “A” that requires total breast height age (BHA) and 5 and 10 year radial growth increments.

Azimuth Compass – A compass calibrated in degrees, along an arc of the horizon, measured clockwise between true north and a point on the circle from true north, to find directional bearings. Example: Azimuth is 135 degrees.

Basal Area Factor (BAF) - A factor in variable plots which makes it possible to convert stem count per plot to basal area per acre.

Bole - The main stem or trunk of a tree.

Borderline Tree - A tree which is difficult to judge as being "In" or "Out" of the variable plot because it is located at a distance from plot center which is nearly equal to the BAF radius for a tree of its diameter.

Canopy Layers - Canopy Layer is a height grouping classification assigned to trees within a survey Unit When one third height differences exist between trees in defined crown classes, then trees within the defined crown classes will be assigned to a layer.

Layer 1 – Topmost layer of defined crown class trees in a stand or survey unit comprising 10 % or more of the total crown closure of the stand or survey unit Layer 1 is generally comprised of dominant trees and co-dominant trees. However, intermediate, and overtopped trees and saplings in younger stands may be included in Layer 1.

Layer 2 – A layer of defined crown class trees that are on the average less than 2/3 the average height of the topmost layer (Layer 1) and comprise greater than 10% of the total crown closure. Layer 2 is generally composed of shade tolerant conifers.

Layer 3 – A layer of defined crown class trees that are on the average less than 1/3 the height of the topmost layer (Layer 1) and comprise greater than 1% of the total crown closure. Layer 3 is generally comprised of saplings and seedlings.

Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) – Same as Down Woody Material (DWM). Dead and down pieces of wood - minimum size 8 feet in length and 8 inches in diameter.

Cover Percent - Visual percent cover of a given plant species within the fixed plot. The visual percent is based on the percent of the fixed plot covered by a given species.

Crown Class - A description of the relative position of the tree crown with respect to competing trees that surrounds it. See 5.19.8 for further detail.

Crown Ratio - The length of live crown expressed as a percent of total tree height commonly referred to as percent live crown. For trees of uneven crown ratio length, visually transfer lower branches on the longer side to fill in the upper portion until a full even crown is generated.

Cut Tree - A tree that would be removed from a stand to be commercially thinned according to basal area guidelines, tree spacing, tree damage or position in the tree crown.

Dead Tree - A tree no longer alive or growing. A tree devoid of viable meristematic tissue, live foliage, live branches, or live buds. A tree with one or more live branches would be classified as a live tree.

Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) – The outside bark diameter of the tree bole measured in tenths of an inch at a point 54 inches above ground level from the uphill side of the tree.

Dominant Species - is 50% or more of the trees per acre in a survey stand.

Down Woody Material (DWM) - involves a variety of sources but for the purpose of this survey, it will be described as dead and down tree boles resulting from uprooted trees or broken tops. Minimum size 8 feet in length and a minimum DWM transect intercept diameter of 8 inches.

Fallen Tree – A dead tree no longer primarily supported by the strength of its own roots and leaning at an angle of 45 degrees or more measured from the vertical.

Fixed-Radius Plot - A circular plot with a given radius measured horizontally from the plot center.

Form Point - The height on the bole where trees are determined to be "In" or "Out" when using variable plots. This point is at breast height.

HDCP – Handheld Data Collection Program. Data file format of downloaded handheld data.

HHPC – Handheld Personal Computer. A handheld personal computer used to collect, store and download forest survey data. Also referred to as a Field Data Recorder (FDR).

Height to Break- The height measurement for a standing tree with a broken or missing top, measured from the ground to point on the bole where the break occurred.

"In" Tree - A tree whose diameter is large enough to subtend the fixed critical angle of the Relaskop being used in variable plot sampling. For fixed plots, a tree having 50 percent or more of its bole (measured at ground level) within the fixed plot boundary is considered an “In” tree. Trees meeting these criteria will compose the set of tally trees for each plot.

Interfering Conditions – A temporary condition or site factor that limits, inhibits, or prevents establishment or growth of suitable trees.

Leave Tree - A tree that would be left in a stand to be commercially thinned according to basal area guidelines, tree spacing, tree damage or position in the tree crown.

Limiting Distance - A method of determining whether a borderline tree is truly "In" or "Out" of the variable plot. See 5.9.10.

Line Transect - For the purpose of this exam, it is a planer intersection technique of sampling down woody matter that involves the establishment of sample planes of known lengths that traverse the plot area where the cross section of an area used as a sample for recording, mapping, or studying vegetation. (It is synonymous with traverse line).

Non-forest site – A definable site or area within a Survey Unit or stand 1/5 acre or larger in size not capable of maintaining at least 10 percent stocking of forest trees and those sites which have been converted to non-forest uses. Examples are rock outcrops, roads, rock pits, utility corridors, etc.

Nonproductive Land – Land not capable of being reforested due to permanent site features such as rock outcrops, excessively rocky soil, stream beds, and wet areas.

Non-stocked plot – A plot without any healthy, viable conifer tree.

Noxious weeds – Noxious weeds are plants specified by law as being especially undesirable, troublesome, and difficult to control. Examples included but are not limited to the following: yellow star thistle, knapweed, rush skeleton weed, leafy spurge, garlic mustard, false brome and cut leaf teasel.

Old Growth Trees – large remnant trees typically 150 years old and greater with thick deeply furrowed bark and/or flaky scaly bark. Assigned a tree flag equal to “old” on the tree flag screen.

"Out" Tree - A tree not meeting the requirements for an "In" tree.

Plot Sample Types- Includes variable plot measurements, fixed radius plot measurements, and DWD measurements taken at the same plot center, also known as nested plots.

Radial Growth - Measured from an increment core bored at right angles to the tree bole. When measuring radial growth do not include the bark, phloem (current years spring wood), or the current year summer wood. Count the number of rings for a 5 year and 10-year period and measure in 20ths of an inch.

Representative - The likeness or sameness of an area of a stand to the surrounding area.

Sapling – A commercial coniferous species tree within the fixed 15.2-foot plot radius that is 4.5 feet or taller and has a DBH of 7.9 inches or less.

Seedlings – Trees less than 4.5 feet in height within the fixed radius plot.

Site Tree - A live tree upon which measurements are taken to establish the relationship between tree age and tree height. Examiner will assign a tree flag “S” to each site tree.

Stand - An aggregation of trees occupying a specific area and sufficiently uniform in composition, age, arrangement, and condition to make it distinguishable from the forest in the adjoining area.

Standing Tree – A live tree rooted in the ground and continuing to grow. A dead tree primarily supported by its roots and leaning at an angle of 45 degree or less measured from vertical.

Strata - A unit area having trees of similar characteristics (age, species, composition, and density) from which the collected data will be analyzed as a single stand.

Suitable Tree – Applies only to Stocking Surveys (sub-Item 3). A suitable tree is one that meets all the following criteria:

a. Is a commercial coniferous species or hardwood - Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, western white pine, lodgepole pine, true fir (white/grand/noble/Shasta), incense cedar, western hemlock, or oak.

b. Is at least six inches in height and has survived at least one full growing season in the field.

c. Does not exhibit undue "off-site" characteristics, disease, erratic growth, poor color, or mechanical damage that would prevent it from producing a merchantable product.

d. In addition to a., b., and c., criteria for suitable trees shall include a minimum of 35% live crown ratio, mechanical damage is less than one-third of the circumference of stem, tree height growth averages at least three inches over the last five years, and absence of mistletoe infection.

e. Conifer species will be the preferred species for counting trees on fixed plots on subitems 1 and 2. Hardwoods will be added if there are not enough suitable conifers.

Tally Tree - Those trees determined to be “In” trees within the variable-radius plot or fixed-radius plot and are subsequently recorded with the required data. See 5.9.4

Unit- An area containing multiple plots which must be installed with similar variables (BAF) over the entire area. In the terms of this contract, a unit will refer to a Forest Operations Inventory (FOI) unit in most cases. Any other unit will be defined by the COR.

Variable Plot Sampling - A system that uses variable probability sampling. At each sample point the examiner makes a 360-degree sweep with a Relaskop to check each tree at breast height to determine if it is a potential sample tree. Trees that have a diameter larger than the critical angle projected by the gauge are selected as Tally trees.

3.0 CONTRACTOR REQUIREMENTS

3.1 The Contractor shall furnish all necessary labor, equipment, transportation, supervision, materials, and incidentals other than those specified in 4.0, Government Furnished Property, necessary to properly perform the surveys and exams in accordance with the enclosed specifications, terms, and conditions.

The Contractor shall furnish the electronic data recorder, a stand-alone GPS unit with automatic geo- tagging or a digital camera with automatic geo-tagging and the required record media to complete both items.

3.2 Crew Requirements - The Contractor shall always maintain an adequate work force to ensure timely completion of the work. The Contractor is responsible for the crew(s) knowing and performing the requirements of the contract. Contractor shall inform the COR after completion of unit location where data is being collected, and before the data is collected on the new unit location. The Contractor must attend a pre-work meeting and present a written performance plan, including crew size and scheduling. The Contractor shall keep the COR informed of crew location and when each unit is completed, or a new unit is started on a weekly basis.

3.3 Crew Supervisor - A qualified English-speaking supervisor must be on-site always directing work. Failure to maintain a supervisor who demonstrates the minimum skills and ability as shown below will result in suspension of work until an acceptable on-the-ground supervisor is provided. A maximum of five (5) days will be allowed to produce a qualified supervisor. Failure to produce a qualified on-the- ground supervisor within five (5) days may result in the CO issuing a Suspend Order.

3.3.1 The supervisor shall be required to demonstrate skills in the following areas:

Skills necessary for accomplishing ITEM 1 and 3:

a. Accurate identification of all conifer species and use of references to identify vegetation species found in the Lakeview District.

b. Accurate identification of disease and damage agents, and their associated severities common to conifers of the Lakeview District. Ability to accurately rate timber volume defects, and their associated volume losses common to the Lakeview District.

c. Have basic competency for use of handheld personal computers (HHPC). Ability to use Personal Computers including loading programs, data management, hook-ups, and file transfer.

d. Ability to accurately rate and measure trees relative to stand position (crown class), canopy layer and live crown ratio.

e. Ability to accurately perform common forest mensuration practices and techniques. Be proficient in taking diameter measurements, height measurements, use of increment borers, densitometers and a Relaskop.

Skills necessary for accomplishing ITEM 2.

a. Ability to accurately perform common forest mensuration practices and techniques. Be proficient in taking basal area and canopy cover measurements (using a densitometer) and using a GPS.

3.4 Vehicle Requirement – Contractor shall provide and update a list of vehicles used during this contract by vehicle model/type, license number, and name of person the vehicle is assigned.

3.5 Work Camps – Camping will be allowed only at sites approved by the COR and with a signed authorization from the Klamath Falls Resource Area Manager. Prior written request from the Contractor is required. Only written requests by the Contractor and subsequent written answers by the Resource Area Manager will be recognized.

Should such a camp be authorized, the Contractor shall maintain the camp(s) in an orderly and sanitary manner. All fire regulations and permit requirements shall be followed. All garbage, debris, and refuse shall be removed from camp site(s) by the Contractor and disposed of at CO-approved sites before final payment is made.

3.6 Equipment and Supplies

The Contractor shall provide the following equipment to perform the work required in 5.0:

3.6.1 ITEM 1, 3, 4 and 5

a. Azimuth hand compass, set to local declination of 15 degrees East.

b. Instruments for measuring diameters to the nearest 10th of an inch, 50-foot tape 75- or 100-foot loggers measuring tape.

c. Plastic ribbon approved by the COR is Black and Red checkered flagging for marking reference points, plot centers, road crossings and DWM transects. White flagging for site trees and writing on at plot centers.

d. Pencils and permanent dark-colored markers

e. Clipboards or notebooks

f. Recreation grade GPS unit

g. Altimeter for elevation (or GPS unit can be used)

h. American scale Spiegel Relaskop for measuring basal area and height (laser rangefinders may also be used)

i. Instruments for measuring growth increments to the nearest twentieth of an inch.

j. 18-inch and/or 24-inch increment borer.

k. Clinometer for converting slope distances to horizontal distances.

l. Densiometer or moose horn per the COR for measuring canopy closure.

m. Digital Geo-tagging camera with a minimum of 5.0-megapixel resolution, an 18-55mm focal length and f3.5-5.6 lens.

n. Major indicator Shrubs and Herbs on National Forests of Eastern Oregon. R6-TM-190-1985.

o. Personal Computer with Microsoft Windows operating system that has the capability of loading BLM Ecosurvey Light software, the appropriate communication software compatible with the Contractor’s HHPC and EcoSurvey Light, and ability to send data files via email or record files on electronic media.

p. Handheld Personal Computers requirements that meet or exceeds the following specifications:

Required as of Spring 2015

Field computers that meet the above-mentioned requirements include the Juniper Systems Allegro MX or Allegro2. Use of FDR’s other than the Allegro MX or the Allegro2 may be possible but shall require supplemental key-board mapping by the application’s developer at the contractor’s expense. Contract the District COR for additional details.

3.6.2 ITEM 2

a. Densitometer for measuring canopy closure.

b. Recreation grade GPS unit

c. American scale Spiegel Relaskop for measuring basal area.

4.0 GOVERNMENT FURNISHED MATERIALS

4.1 Unless otherwise specified, all Government-furnished equipment and supplies, hereinafter referred to as Government-furnished property, shall be picked up by the Contractor at the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Klamath Falls Resource Area Office at 2795 Anderson Ave. Building 25, Klamath Falls, Oregon and signed for on Form DI-105 by the Contractor or Contractor's authorized representative. The Contractor shall be responsible for the return of all Government furnished- property within 24 hours from final acceptance of the contract or task order as applicable. At time of return, the Contractor shall furnish the COR with an inventory of property being returned. The Contractor shall be held responsible for any shortages of Government-furnished property.

4.2 ITEM 1,3, 4 and 5

a. Project Area maps, transportation maps, vicinity maps and unit maps with GPS points in Decimal Degrees (DD) for each plot to be installed,

b. All pertinent codes, tables, and other exam information to facilitate data entry.

c. BLM EcoSurvey Lite (Ver. 2009.1 or newer), ActiveSync (Ver.3.7.1 or higher), BLM EcoSurvey CE- Forest Survey for the Handheld (Ver. 2.2) computer software for contractor’s personal computer and HHPC.

d. BLM EcoSurvey Field User Guide (Ver. 4/2010 or newer)

e. Handheld look-up tables including Tree Data Entry Rules, default settings and CD installation.

4.2 ITEM 2

Project Area maps, transportation maps, vicinity maps and unit maps with GPS points in Decimal Degrees (DD) for each plot to be installed,

5.0 SPECIFIC TASKS

5.1 ITEM 1, Extensive Stand Exams

5.2 Extensive Stand Exams – Exams shall be conducted, and information recorded as described in Sections

5.0 through 5.21.3. In addition, a brief narrative report for each plot shall be completed in the Screen 6/6 plot comments. These comments would include a description of the plot including significant land features such as large rock outcroppings, slides, blow-down, streams, springs, or wet areas.

5.3 Plot Sample Types – Extensive Stand Exams shall be accomplished by using various types of sample plots at each plot location. A variable plot will be used to collect individual tree data. A fixed plot with an 11.8-foot radius will be used to collect seedling and vegetation data. A fixed plot with a 15.2-foot radius will be used to collect sapling data. Down Woody Material plots are included in the task order, a line transect plot will be used to collect Down Woody Material (DWM) data (See 5.12).

a. Variable Plot - The variable-radius plot will be taken using an American Scale Spiegel Relaskop or Electronic BAF-scope/Dendrometer with a BAF of 10, 20 or 40. Contractor shall be notified of BAF to use at the Task Order level.

b. Fixed-radius plot - A fixed-radius plot with an 11.8-foot radius measured horizontally from the variable-radius plot center shall be used for recording seedlings and vegetation. A fixed-radius plot with a 15.2-foot radius measured horizontally from the variable-radius plot center shall be used for recording saplings. All seedlings/saplings that have 50 percent or more of their bole (measured at ground level) within the fixed-radius plot are considered in the plot. The fixed plot will be measured within the starting and ending azimuths of the variable plot boundaries. (Example: If the variable plot is a 1/2 plot, the fixed plot would be a measured 11.8 feet from plot center and subtend only 180 degrees within the variable plot).

5.4 Plot Numbers and Locations - The number of plots for each unit has been predetermined and is shown on each project area map. The plot must be recorded in the proper unit as provided on the unit map. The BLM will provide contractors with maps, GPS coordinates and shape files for project areas. The Contractor shall perform all necessary measurements on each plot.

a. If a plot falls on a location with no stocking, the plot will be coded the correct situation on the Plot No Stocking screen, such as: Non-Forest Plot, Trees not Stocked, SubMerch/Regen Not Stocked, and/or No DWM present This information shall also be noted in the Plot comment screen.

b. If a plot falls on an FOI line, road location or is influenced by unreachable topography, the Contractor shall proceed a designated distance while remaining in the Unit of up to 100 feet in any of the cardinal directions. If there is no way to move the plot up to 100 feet in any of the cardinal directions allowing for a full plot to be recorded and still only a ½ plot can be recorded the contractor must make a notation in the Plot comment screen. If there is no notation in the comment screen the plot will be returned to the contractor to be redone as a full plot. Upon inspection, if the PI determines a full plot could have been taken, the plot will be deemed unacceptable and will be returned to the contractor to be reworked as a full plot.

c. Plot centers shall be well marked with COR approved Black and Red Checkered flagging hung on a permanent object at plot center or tied to a stick pounded into the ground. Several lengths shall be hung over the plot center, or as near as possible to the plot center. The unit and plot number, examiner's initials, DWM azimuth and date shall be written on White or Yellow flagging with a permanent marker on the flagging hanging over plot center.

d. A GPS reading will be taken at the center of each plot and recorded onto the handheld on the plot location screen. The GPS point shall be recorded in Decimal Degree format. The elevation of the plot should also be recorded on this screen. Do not use plot Lat/Long in Decimal Degrees provided by the government to fill in this field. If no Lat/Long in Decimal Degrees format have been recorded the unit will be deemed unsatisfactory and will be returned to the contractor to be reworked.

5.5 Project Area Map and Aerial Photos - The systematic grid system and plot layout of either one (1) plot per acre, one (1) plot per five (5) acres or one (1) plot per 10 acres as specified by the COR at the Task Order level and will be shown on the project area map and will include plot numbers and plot locations. All stream channels that intersect the traverse line shall be recorded on the project area map and aerial photos. These channels will be noted if they are flowing with water or dry.

5.6 Survey Unit Narrative - For each survey unit the Contractor shall complete a brief unit narrative of any unique features or significant conditions observed throughout the survey unit. Record any significant or unique features observed on plots, between plots or adjacent to plots. (For example: Between plots 26-27, root rot, ¼ ac patch). Types of features to be recorded, but not limited to, are streams not shown on the map, blow-down areas, poor stocking, and root rot pockets, road failures and landslides, and stand conditions.

5.7 Plot Narrative – For each plot the Contractor shall report any unusual features or conditions located within the plot on the appropriate plot data screen. Screen 6/6. Plot Comments (5.18.6 Figure 28) on the handheld data collection computer shall be used to record this narrative. The distance and azimuth from plot center to any off-plot site tree used and a reason why the contractor only installed a ½ plot along with its starting and stopping azimuth shall be recorded on this screen as part of the narrative.

5.8 Plot User Defined Field - No information is required to be collected for this field.

5.9 Variable Plot Guidelines

5.9.1 Variable plot shall be taken using an American Scale Spiegel Relaskop or an electric Criterion RD 1000

5.9.2 BAF Selection - BAF selection will be determined at the Task Order level. Dead trees shall not be considered in determining the appropriate BAF. Only one BAF can be used for each individual Survey unit. The selected BAF for each stratum shall be recorded in the HHPC on the Stratum Setup screen for each unit and stratum.

5.9.3 One Half (1/2) Plots -In the event that there is no way to move a plot up to 100 feet in any of the cardinal directions from the unit boundary, due to a road or topography (i.e., rock pile, cliff, etc.), and stay within the unit boundary that will allow a full 360-degree plot to be recorded, then a ½ plot shall be recorded. It must be noted in the plot comment screen that it was a ½ plot with starting and ending azimuth. If nothing is documented in the notes, it will be deemed unsatisfactory and will be returned to the contractor to be reworked as a full plot. If, upon inspection, the COR determines that a full plot should have been done, then it will be deemed unsatisfactory and returned to the contractor to be reworked as a full plot. All ½ plots will automatically be inspected.

5.9.4 Tally Trees

a. Tally Live Standing trees 8 inches DBH or larger on the Trees level data entry screen for variable plot data.

b. Tally Dead Standing trees eight (8) inches DBH or larger on the Trees level data entry screen for variable plot data.

c. All tallied trees (both dead and alive) will be coded as Leave Trees on the Trees Screen.

d. If no trees are located on the variable plot go to screen 2/6 Plot No Stocking Screen and enter a check mark in the box preceding “Trees Not Stocked” field if the plot is determined to be able to support trees. If the plot is determined as a non-Forest site, enter a check mark in the box preceding “Non Forest Plot” field.

e. Tally Tree Sequence - Trees shall be numbered in sequential order starting at an azimuth of 360 degrees and proceeding clockwise around the plot. When two (2) or more trees are in the same azimuth line, the tree closest to plot center will be given the smaller number.

5.9.5 Required Data for all Trees – Data shall be collected for each tree as shown below if any fields are left blank the unit will be deemed unacceptable and returned to the contactor to be reworked.

· Species identification

· Classification as a Cut/Leave (always “Leave”) - Standing/Fallen - Dead/Live tree

· DBH measurement

· Total height/length measurement - (For Standing Live trees with a broken off top, height to break is also required)

· Percent (%) Deduct (enter “0” if no defect is present)

· Damage Code (if % of deduct is > “0” %, or damage affecting volume growth, or survival.)

· Severity Code (if damage code is recorded)

· Canopy Layer

· Crown Ratio

· Crown Classification

· User Defined—Provided by the COR, otherwise no information is required.

5.9.5.1 If a tree is classified as a Dead tree, it also requires a Decay Classification (Damage Code if evident or identifiable, otherwise default to “0”).

5.9.5.2 If a Tree is classified as a Dead tree, it shall not require Crown Classification, Crown Ratio measurement, or Canopy Layer assignment.

5.9.6 Tree User Defined Field: No information is required to be collected for this field.

5.9.7. Diameter Breast Height (DBH) Measurement

Measure DBH perpendicular to the bole of the tree at a point 4 ½ feet above the ground on the uphill side of the tree. If branches or a whorl of branches prevent measurement at 4 ½ feet above the ground level then two diameter measurements will be taken, above and below the obstruction. The average of these two diameter measurements will be recorded as the DBH for the tree. For other irregularities such as burls, scaring, and swelling measure DBH immediately above the irregularities. Record DBH to the nearest 10th of an inch for trees and saplings (see 5.19.9 for further detail).

5.9.8 Forked Trees - A tree forked at or above breast height shall be tallied as one tree and required measurement will be taken on the largest bowl or fork. A tree forked below breast height will be tallied as two (or more) individual trees with required measurement taken on each tree (see 5.19.9 and Figure 34 for further detail).

5.9.10. Borderline Tree Procedures: occasionally borderline trees occur which are unclear whether they are ‘in or out’ of the plot. These trees will be determined to be ‘in or out’ using the ‘Horizontal Limiting Distance’ method. Limiting distance shall be calculated using diameters to the nearest 10th of an inch and measured in horizontal distance to the nearest tenth of a foot. Use the following procedure: (1) Calculate the limiting horizontal distance by multiplying the DBH of the borderline tree by the plot radius factor for the BAF being used on the plot. (2) If the measured horizontal distance from plot center to the center of the tree at DBH is less than the calculated limiting distance, the tree will be determined to be “in” the plot and shall be tallied.

5.9.11 The HHPC contains a Borderline Tree Calculation program that calculates the limiting horizontal distance and reports whether the tree is “in” or “out.” This program can be accessed by pressing F3 on the AllegroMX when in the trees screen.

5.9.12 Height Measurement for Standing Live Trees - Standing Live Height Trees shall require two height measurements, total height, and height to break. Total height is measured by incorporating all portions of the tree bole including broken off tops or missing tops. If the top or portion of the bole is missing or has been removed, estimate the length using comparable adjacent trees and include this length in the total height (Ht.) measurement. The appropriate % Deduct and Damage Code shall be applied to the missing portion of the tree. For trees with a broken top, a second height measurement, height to break (found on the drop-down menu), is required. Height to break is measured from the ground to the attached top of the tree where the break occurred.

5.9.12 Height Measurement for Standing Dead Trees and Snags - Height of Standing Dead trees and snags will be measured from the ground to the attached top of the tree. Record this height in the Total Height for dead trees without any missing tops. For dead trees or snags with missing tops, record the height in the Total Height field and the Height to Broken Top field found on the drop-down menu on the tree screen. The top or portions of the tree no longer attached to the bole will not be used to calculate the total height of the standing dead tree. All Standing Dead trees and snags will be given 100% deduction.

5.9.13 Length Measurement for Fallen Dead Height Trees- The length of Fallen Dead Height trees is recorded as height measurements. (Length and height are synonymous for Fallen Dead Height trees.) Length measurements for Fallen Dead Height trees that are Decay Class 1-3 include broken or missing tops. If a portion of the bole is missing or has been removed, estimate the length using comparable adjacent trees and include this length in the total height measurement. All Fallen Dead trees will be considered non-salvageable and will be given 100% deduction.

5.9.14 Old Growth Tree – Tally trees within the variable plot meeting the definition of an Old Growth tree will be assigned tree flag “old.” Old growth trees do not require age measurements unless meeting the criteria for selecting age and growth trees. These trees are typically remnant trees that are much older/larger than the rest of the trees in the stand.

5.10 11.8 ft Fixed Plot Measurements - The fixed seedling and vegetation plot will be measured at 11.8 feet horizontal radius distance from the variable plot center for conifer and hardwood seedlings and vegetation. Only Live trees will be tallied on fixed plots.

5.10.1 Fixed Plot Measurements are recorded on the ‘Regen’ screen on the HHPC which shall be accessed from any Plot Screen from the ‘Regen’ button block at the bottom of the Plot Screens. (Highlight Plots block and space bar or screen touch.) For this fixed plot data will be recorded under the seedling screen.

5.10.2 Record the number of seedlings greater than 4 inches in height but are less than 4 ½ feet in height (group tally by species).

5.10.3 Do not double count trees between fixed and variable plots.

5.10.4 If no seedlings are located on the fixed plot return to 2/6 Plot No Stocking Screen and enter a check mark in the box preceding “SubMerch / Regen Not Stocked” field. This only applies if no saplings have been found on the 15.2 ft. fixed plot as well.

5.10.5 Required Data for Seedlings - From the Regen drop down menu select “7 Seedlings (<=4.5 ft.)” by pressing the number on the keyboard. The following data is required:

1) Species identification

2) Stem Count (Count) – Enter the number of seedlings by species.

3) Average Height (Ht.) – Record the average total height to the nearest foot.

5.10.6 Vegetation-All vegetation present that is found in Major Indicator Shrubs and Herbs on National Forests of Eastern Oregon will be recorded.

Required Data for Vegetation- From any screen select the “Veg” tab. The following data is required:

1) Species identification (using correct code, codes can be found in the book or by selecting “.” In the species field)

2) Average height in feet

3) % Cover

4) Check “trace” box if the species represents less than 1% cover.

5.11 15.2 Foot Fixed Plot Measurements - The sapling fixed plot will be measured at 15.2 feet horizontal radius distance from the variable plot center for conifer and hardwood saplings, and poles. Only Live trees will be tallied on fixed plots.

5.11.1 Fixed Plot Measurements are recorded on the ‘Regen’ screen on the HHPC which shall be accessed from any Plot Screen from the ‘Regen’ button block at the bottom of the Plot Screens. (Highlight Plots block and space bar or screen touch.) For this fixed plot, data will be recorded under the seedling screen.

5.11.2 Saplings are tallied that are greater than 4 ½ feet in height and up through 7.9 inches DBH.

5.11.3 Required Data for Saplings – From the Regen drop down menu select “4 Saplings (>=4.5 ft.)” by pressing the number on the keyboard. The following data is required:

1) Species identification

2) DBH measurement - Record to the nearest 10th of an inch.

3) Height measurement (Ht) - Record total height to the nearest foot. 4)Crown Ratio (% CR) - Record live crown ratio to nearest percent.

5) Breast Height Age (Age) - Record the estimated BHA to the nearest year for the first sapling tallied on the plot for the Canopy Layer. Only one sapling per plot needs an age recorded.

6) Canopy Layer (Lyr) – Record the Canopy Layer as 3 for all saplings unless there are no Tally

Trees in the entire unit then all saplings would be recorded as Canopy Layer 1. (For more information see the COR)

5.12 Down Woody Material Plots - Surveys will collect dead and down tree information along a line transect between plots.

5.12.1 Down Woody Material (DWM) Transects - A line-transect method is used to collect data on down woody material (DWM). Sampling begins at plot center and the length of the transect is 50 feet. No transect shall be closer than 50 feet to any road. DWM data is recorded for trees that intercept a measured line close to the ground.

a. Transect lines azimuth will be the randomly generated transect Azimuth from the handheld data recorder computer. The transect azimuth and length is recorded on plot setup screen.

b. The Contractor shall write the DWM transect azimuth with dark colored permanent marker on white flagging hanging over plot center and shall hang one (1) strip of red and black checkered flagging at the end of the DWM transect.

5.12.2 A strip of Red and Black checkered flagging shall be attached at the line intercept location on all DWM pieces.

5.12.3 The diameter of the bole must meet a minimum diameter of 8 inches at the interception point of the transect and a minimum length of 8 feet. Piles caused by human activity (i.e., landing slash) are not recorded.

5.12.4 If no DWM tally pieces exists on the transect return to 2/6 Plot No Stocking Screen and enter a check mark in the box preceding “No DWM Present” field. If no DWM tally pieces exist or there is no check mark in the “No DWM Present” field of the Plot No Stocking Screen, the unit will be deemed unsatisfactory and will be returned to the contractor to be reworked.

5.12.5 DWM User Defined Field - No information is required in this field.

5.12.6 Required Data for DWM - The following data is required:

· Species identification - DO NOT use TREEC (Unknown conifer) and TREE H (Unknown hardwood). Record best estimate of species based on dominant species in plot.

· Decay Class

· Intersect diameter (minimum 8 inches) – Measurements for DWM is taken where the central longitudinal axis of the piece is intersected by the transect sample plane, and 50 percent or more of the piece is above the duff layer. A piece that is above the duff layer has distinct form and can be distinguished from the ground.

· End 1 diameter – Diameter at the small end of the DWM

· End 2 diameter - Diameter at the large end of the DWM and not measured for End 1 above. For trees lying on the ground with the roots still attached, measure the large end diameter at the root collar.

· Length

· User Defined field – Nothing is required in this field.

5.13 Site Tree, Radial Growth and Age Measurements – Each plot is required to have one (1) site tree and will be measured for both age and 5 year, and 10-year radial growth (in addition to all other required tree measurements) and identified by White flagging. The site tree will be the tallest and best quality tree, which is typical of trees growing in the stand. It can either be a dominant or co-dominant tree of the dominant species in the stand or survey unit. Small amounts of scattered remnant old growth Douglas-fir would not be representative for a predominantly 60-year-old Douglas-fir stand. The site tree should have no damage that would affect height growth. If no site tree is labeled on each plot or the site tree does not match the site tree table index chosen, the unit will be deemed unsatisfactory and will be returned to the contractor to be reworked.

5.13.1 If there are no suitable site trees within the plot, one tree shall be selected from outside the plot as close to the plot as possible. The azimuth and distance from plot center to the selected site tree will be recorded on the appropriate plot data screen on the HHPC.

5.13.2 Site Trees will have White flagging tied around them and the core re-inserted into the hole or hung with the flagging on the tree and a dot of YELLOW paint painted around the core hole.

5.13.3 Site Trees will be flagged with an “S” on the Tree Flag screen on the HHPC. If the Site Tree is located off the plot, it will be flagged “out” on the Tree Flag screen.

5.13.4 Age and Growth Trees -All selected Site Trees will be assigned tree flag “S” and all Age Trees will be assigned tree flag “A” and will be measured for age, 5 year and 10-year radial growth. Age trees will be flagged with White flagging with identifying information written on the flag. One age tree will be selected for each layer in each plot. The age tree will be typical of trees growing in the stand and located such that it was not likely to have been suppressed by adjacent trees.

5.13.5 Radial Growth - Measure radial growth from an increment core bored at DBH and at a right angle to the bole. Beginning inside the phloem (current year’s spring wood) and the inner edge of the first dark ring (end of last year’s spring growth), count to the 5th ring and 10th ring. Using a ruler graduated to 1/20-inch, measure and record the distance from end of last year’s spring growth to inner side (start of fall growth) of the 5th and 10th ring. (Example: Record 1.2 inches as “24”.). The increment wood core shall be placed partially back into the core hole or hung with a piece of white flagging from the drilled tree.

Figure 1: Measuring Radial Growth

5.13.6 Age - Beginning inside the phloem and the outer edge of the first dark ring (end of last year’s fall wood), count the number of dark rings from the outer end of the wood core to the center of the tree and record the total breast height age. The increment wood core shall be placed back into the core hole and a circle in YELLOW paint will be painted around the core hole.

To determine the age of a tree that has a radius greater than the length of the Increment borer refer to Figure 2 and the following example.

Example: Given a tree: 58.6 inches DBH, 2.0-inch bark thickness, 14.0 inch increment core with 110 total rings and 10 rings on the interior two inches of the core. Solve for age. Determine the radius of the tree at DBH (58.6"/2 = 29.3"). Subtract bark thickness to get wood radius at DBH (29.3" - 2.0" = 27.3). Find the remaining distance to the center of the tree (27.3 - 14.0" = 13.3). Calculate the average rings per inch (10 rings/2" = 5 rings/inch). Extrapolate the average rings per inch of missing core (5 rings/inch x 13.3" = 66.5 rings, round to 67). Add the actual ring count and the extrapolated ring total together to determine age (110 + 67 = 177 years age).

Figure 2: Determining the Age of a Large Tree

5.14 Digital Photographs - Digital photographs will be taken at each plot facing north (0°). If the view to the north is obstructed the contractor shall turn clockwise until the view is no longer obstructed and record the azimuth, unit and plot number and the contractors’ initials on white flagging so that it can be seen in each photo but not in a way that it obscures the intention of the photo.

5.14.1 Photograph Specifications

a. Preferred method for pictures will be in a jpeg format with the automatic geo-tag and the Lat/Long in Decimal Degree format attached. This can be done using the preferred equipment such as an automatic geo-tagging handheld GPS unit that has a 5.0-megapixal resolution or better (no less than 5.0-megapixal will be accepted). The Lat/Long in Decimal Degree format can be attached in the jpeg format using a camera with built in geo-tagging technology with a 5.0-megapixel resolution or better.

b. The contractor shall use the type of digital camera capable of automatic geo-tagging or equivalent, as specified or by the COR before use. The geo-tags on the photos shall be in Lat/Long Decimal Degree format in the same projection and zone as specified for GPS coordinates.

c. The digital camera shall have a minimum of 5.0-megapixel resolution, with an 18-55 mm focal length and f3.5-5.6 lens.

5.14.2 Photographs shall be of a quality that all plot features such as density of vegetation, species, heights, conditions, presence of over story or different canopy layers, large rock outcrops, draws and snags are evident. Color balance and lighting shall be natural. Photographs shall be in focus.

5.14.3 All photographs shall be taken between 1 hour after sunrise and 1 hour before sunset, local time.

5.14.4 The photo should be named according to the unit’s name and the plot number. Example: for plot 255 in unit (FOI) 123654 the photo shall be named 123654-255.

5.14.5 The Contractor shall provide the Government the required number of photographs in JPEG format on flash drive or other agreed upon media.

5.14.6 Digital files shall be provided to the Government at the same time that other required survey information is provided.

5.15 Handheld Personal Computer…