Attachment 1 W9128F20Q0077 Specifications.pdf

SPECIFICATIONS

(Purchase Order)

Solicitation Number W9128F20Q0077

Old Fort Thompson Riprap Slump Repairs

Big Bend Dam, SD

August 2020

US Army Corps of Engineers Omaha District

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Old Fort Thompson Riprap Slump Repairs

Big Bend Dam, SD

PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

01 11 00 SUMMARY OF WORK

DIVISION 02 - EXISTING CONDITIONS

02 24 50 STONE (RIPRAP) PROTECTION

-- End of Project Table of Contents --

DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK

31 00 00 EARTHWORK

DIVISION 31 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS

32 92 19 SEEDING

SECTION 02 24 50

STONE (RIPRAP) PROTECTION

PART 1. GENERAL

1.1. REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by basic designation only.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM C 88 (1990) Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate

ASTM C 127 (1993) Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

ASTM C 128 (1993) Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregates

ASTM D 75 (1992) Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (ASSHTO)

AASHTO T 103 (1991) Soundness of Aggregates by Freezing and Thawing

South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT)

SDDOT (2015) Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges

1.2. UNIT PRICE

See specification section 01 11 00 SUMMARY OF WORK.

1.3. WORK SUMMARY

The work covered by this section consists of performing all operations including plant, labor, equipment and materials in connection with the construction of stone slope protection (riprap) per these specifications and as shown on the drawings. Stone protection shall consist of quarried Sioux quartzite to be furnished for riprap material. The Contractor shall perform all sampling and testing required for quality control in accordance with CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL and as specified in this section. The quarry operators shall be responsible for operating all quarries and for conditioning the area after operations are complete, in accordance with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws and regulations.

1.4. SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

02 24 50-1

02 24 50-2 submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. The following shall be submitted in accordance with Section 01 11 00 SUMMARY OF WORK:

SD-06 Test Reports

Initial Sampling and Testing; G-PO

(Reference paragraph 1.6.3 for testing requirements.)

SD-11 Closeout Submittals

Waybills and Delivery Tickets; G-PO

1.5. WAYBILLS AND DELIVERY TICKETS

Copies of waybills and delivery tickets shall be submitted during the progress of the work. Before the final payment is allowed, waybills and certified delivery tickets shall be furnished for all stone protection materials actually used in the construction.

1.6. SAMPLING AND TESTING

1.6.1. General Requirements

The Contractor shall be responsible for all sampling and testing specified herein. The Government may perform verification tests as determined necessary for final approval of the stone protection material. All samples including samples taken during production shall be representative of the stone protection material furnished or proposed to be furnished. Samples shall be taken in conformance with ASTM D 75 or other approved method. All sampling operations shall take place in the presence of a representative of the Contracting Officer's Representative. No rock shall be furnished, which has not met the criteria for sampling, testing, and approval for use on this project.

1.6.2. Test Results

Results shall verify that materials comply with this specification. When material source is changed, the new material will be tested for compliance.

When deficiencies are found, the initial analysis shall be retested to determine

02 24 50-3 the extent of unacceptable material. All in-place unacceptable material shall be replaced or modified as directed by the Contacting Officer's Representative.

1.6.3. Initial Sampling and Testing

Tests for bulk specific gravity, soundness in magnesium sulfate, soundness in freezing and thawing shall be performed on samples of material obtained from the riprap proposed for use as stone protection prior to start of construction.

Test results shall describe type of failure of the discrete particles. Certified test results performed not longer than 12 months prior to delivery to the project together with the name of the owner of the quarry and the legal description shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer's Representative.

1.6.3.1. Bulk Specific Gravity

Bulk specific gravity shall be computed in accordance with ASTM C 127/ASTM C 128 except that the total sample shall weigh 5000 grams +/-2 percent and individual particles shall weigh approximately 300 grams each. Stone protection material shall be tested in a saturated surface dry (SSD) condition. The computed bulk specific gravity so determined shall not be less than 2.55.

PART 2. PRODUCTS

2.1. MATERIALS

02 24 50-4

2.1.1. General Requirements

All stone for stone protection shall be durable quarried rock as approved by the Contracting Officer’s Representative. All stone shall have three fractured sides. Individual pieces of stone protection in place on the embankment shall be free from cracks, seams, and other defects that will cause rapid or excessive deterioration or degradation during service. The bulk stone protection material delivered to the project shall be of such quality that tests performed on representative samples have results within the limits specified. The stone protection shall contain no more than 5 percent of undesirable material by weight. Undesirable material is defined as individual pieces of stone which do not meet the quality requirements when tested as specified herein and which can be visually differentiated from the satisfactory pieces, plus dirt, sand, clay, and rock fines. The Contractor shall select the source or sources he proposes to use and perform the initial sampling and testing of the materials well in advance of the time when the material will be required in the work.

2.1.2. Stone Weight Limitations

The Stone shall consist of stone meeting the requirements specified herein through the use of stockpiling and selective loading at the collection site to assure that the specified gradation is met. The stone shall be reasonably well-graded falling within the limits when tested as shown on the table below. This specification corresponds to “Class C” riprap as specified by the South Dakota Department of Transportation (SDDOT).

Percent Total Limit of Stone Smaller by Weight Weight in Lbs.

100 1000 50 500 15 75

PART 3. EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

Quarry operations shall be controlled to produce a reasonably well-graded stone of required size, and the Contracting Officer may require changes as necessary to produce the required product. The Contractor’s operations shall be conducted in a manner that will produce stone meeting the requirements specified and shall include selective quarrying, handling, and loading as required.

3.2 PLACEMENT

Following preparation of the haul and staging areas, the next order of work will be to remove all organic debris within the designated area to receive the slope protection material such as logs, rubbish, brush, weeds, trees or other unsuitable material. All cleared material may be disposed of by placement in an

02 24 50-5 existing debris pile. The final surface to receive slope protection materials shall conform to the contours shapes shown on the drawings and shall be smooth, free of ruts and erosion areas. The final surface shall be as approved by the COR.

3.2.1 Riprap

The extent of stone protection area is shown on the drawings. The area shall be graded to conform to the typical sections shown. The area shall be reasonably smooth surface prior to placing the riprap. The prepared foundation will be inspected by the Contracting Officer and no material shall be placed until the area has been approved. The excavated material shall be used as random fill. Additional random fill shall originate from an approved off-site location or a provided borrow area. Random fill and excavation material used as random fill shall be placed in layers not to exceed 12 inches and shall be compacted with two complete coverage passes of a crawler tractor or as approved by the Contracting Officer. Riprap stone shall be placed in such a matter as to produce a reasonably well-graded mass of rock with the minimum practicable percentage of voids. Riprap shall be placed to its full course thickness in one operation and in such a manner as to avoid damage to the graded surface and to minimize segregation of riprap. The larger stones shall be well distributed and the entire mass of stones in their final position shall be roughly graded to conform to the gradation specified. The finished riprap shall be free from objectionable of small stones and clusters of larger stones. Placing riprap in layers will not be permitted. The desired distribution of the various sizes of stones throughout the mass shall be obtained by selective loading of the material at the quarry or other source; by controlled dumping of successive loads during final placement. Zero drop height placement procedures are to be utilized for stone to avoid damaging the underlying surface. Dumping of stone at the top of slopes and rolling or pushing into place will not be permitted. Manipulating or moving stone at any time prior to placement by means of dozers or other blade equipment will not be permitted. Rearranging of individual stones by mechanical equipment or by hand will be required to the extent necessary to obtain a reasonably well graded distribution of stone sizes as specified above.

3.2.2 Tie-Backs

Riprap sections shall be tied back into the existing cut bank if the continuing slope is not protected. A trench is to be excavated a minimum of 10 feet into virgin material. The bottom of the excavation shall match the same elevation as the adjacent section. Placement and length of the tie back shall be at the discretion of the Contracting Officer’s Representative onsite.

3.2.3 PROTECTION

02 24 50-6

The Contractor shall maintain the riprap stone until accepted and any material displaced by any cause shall be replaced at his expense to the lines and grades indicated on the drawings.

3.3 SITE RESTORATION AND SEEDING

Following placement of the slope protection materials, all disturbed areas including any access routes, haul road, borrow site or work areas shall be graded to drain and left in an environmentally acceptable condition. All soil placed or removed from the borrow site as a result of slope preparation (removal of logs and debris) shall be graded to blend into the natural topography and sloped to drain. See specification section 32 92 19 SEEDING for requirements of final site restoration and seeding of disturbed areas.

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SECTION 31 00 00

EARTHWORK

08/08

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES

1.1.1 Material Requirements

The unit of measurement for excavation, riprap, choking materials, and fill is described in Section 01 11 00 SUMMARY OF WORK.

1.1.2 Topsoil Requirements

Separate excavation, hauling, and spreading or piling of topsoil and related miscellaneous operations will be considered subsidiary obligations of the Contractor, covered under the contract line item All Other Work.

1.2 PAYMENT PROCEDURES

Payment will constitute full compensation for all labor, equipment, tools, supplies, and incidentals necessary to complete the work.

1.3 SD Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan

The Contractor shall be responsible to permit, prepare, and implement a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) in accordance with Permit No.

SDR10####. A copy of the SWPPP shall be submitted to the COR at least 2 days prior to commencement of construction activities. Copies of all revisions to the SWPPP shall also be submitted.

1.4 DEFINITIONS

1.4.1 Satisfactory Materials

Satisfactory materials comprise any materials classified by this specification listed in Products and SECTION 02 24 50 STONE (RIPRAP).

1.4.2 Unsatisfactory Materials

Materials which do not comply with the requirements for satisfactory materials are unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory materials also include man-made fills; trash; refuse; backfills from previous construction; and material classified as satisfactory which contains root and other organic matter or frozen material. Notify the Contracting Officer when encountering any contaminated materials.

1.4.3 Topsoil

Material suitable for topsoils obtained from offsite areas is defined as:

Natural, friable soil representative of productive, well-drained soils in the area, free of subsoil, stumps, rocks larger than one inch diameter, brush, weeds, toxic substances, and other material detrimental to plant

31 00 00 - 1 growth. Amend topsoil pH range to obtain a pH of 5.5 to 7.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 11 00 SUMMARY OF WORK:

SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals

Submit 15 days prior to starting work.

SD-06 Test Reports

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 Riprap

See SECTION 02 24 50 RIPRAP (STONE) for detailed information on riprap.

2.2 Embankment Material

Embankment material is defined as soils derived from the an approved offsite location or a Government provided borrow area.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 STRIPPING OF TOPSOIL

Where indicated or directed, strip topsoil to a depth of 6 inches. Spread topsoil on areas already graded and prepared for topsoil, or transported and deposited in stockpiles convenient to areas that are to receive application of the topsoil later, or at locations indicated or specified.

Keep topsoil separate from other excavated materials, brush, litter, objectionable weeds, roots, stones larger than 2 inches in diameter, and other materials that would interfere with planting and maintenance operations. Stockpile in locations indicated any surplus of topsoil from excavations and gradings.

3.2 GENERAL EXCAVATION

Perform excavation of every type of material encountered within the limits of the project to the lines, grades, and elevations indicated by the Contracting Officer's Representative and as specified. Perform the grading in accordance with the typical sections shown and the tolerances specified in paragraph FINISHING. Transport satisfactory excavated materials and place in fill or embankment within the limits of the work. Excavate unsatisfactory materials encountered within the limits of the work below grade and replace with satisfactory materials as directed. Include such excavated material and the satisfactory material ordered as replacement in excavation. Dispose surplus satisfactory excavated material not required for fill or embankment in areas approved for surplus material storage or designated waste areas. Dispose unsatisfactory excavated material in designated waste or spoil areas. During construction, perform excavation

31 00 00 - 2 and fill in a manner and sequence that will provide proper drainage at all times. Excavate material required for fill or embankment in excess of that produced by excavation within the grading limits from the borrow areas indicated or from other approved areas selected by the Contractor as specified.

3.2.1 Drainage

Provide for the collection and disposal of surface and subsurface water encountered during construction. Completely drain construction site during periods of construction to keep soil materials sufficiently dry. Construct storm drainage features at the earliest stages of site development, and throughout construction grade the construction area to provide positive surface water runoff away from the construction activity and provide temporary ditches, swales, and other drainage features and equipment as required to maintain dry soils. When unsuitable working platforms for equipment operation and unsuitable soil support for subsequent construction features develop, remove unsuitable material and provide new soil material as specified herein. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to assess the soil and ground water conditions presented by the plans and specifications and to employ necessary measures to permit construction to proceed.

3.3 SELECTION OF BORROW MATERIAL

Select borrow material to meet the requirements and conditions of the particular fill or embankment for which it is to be used. Obtain borrow material from the borrow areas provided within the limits of the project site, selected by the Contracting Officer's Representative or from approved private sources. Unless otherwise provided in the contract, the Contractor is responsible for obtaining the right to procure material, pay royalties and other charges involved, and bear the expense of developing the sources, including rights-of-way for hauling from the owners. Borrow material from approved sources on Government-controlled land may be obtained without payment of royalties. Unless specifically provided, do not obtain borrow within the limits of the project site without prior written approval.

Consider necessary clearing, grubbing, and satisfactory drainage of borrow pits and the disposal of debris thereon related operations to the borrow excavation.

3.4 OPENING AND DRAINAGE OF EXCAVATION AND BORROW PITS

Notify the Contracting Officer sufficiently in advance of the opening of any excavation or borrow pit or borrow areas to permit elevations and measurements of the undisturbed ground surface to be taken. Except as otherwise permitted, excavate borrow pits and other excavation areas providing adequate drainage. Transport overburden and other spoil material to designated spoil areas or otherwise dispose of as directed. Provide neatly trimmed and drained borrow pits after the excavation is completed.

Ensure that excavation of any area, operation of borrow pits, or dumping of spoil material results in minimum detrimental effects on natural environmental conditions.

3.5 GRADING AREAS

Where indicated, divide work into grading areas within which satisfactory excavated material will be placed in embankments, fills, and required backfills. Do not haul satisfactory material excavated in one grading area

31 00 00 - 3 to another grading area except when so directed in writing. Place and grade stockpiles of satisfactory and wasted materials as specified. Keep stockpiles in a neat and well drained condition, giving due consideration to drainage at all times. Clear, grub, and seal by rubber-tired equipment, the ground surface at stockpile locations; separately stockpile excavated satisfactory and unsatisfactory materials. Protect stockpiles of satisfactory materials from contamination which may destroy the quality and fitness of the stockpiled material. If the Contractor fails to protect the stockpiles, and any material becomes unsatisfactory, remove and replace such material with satisfactory material from approved sources.

3.6 GROUND SURFACE PREPARATION

3.6.1 General Requirements

Remove and replace unsatisfactory material with satisfactory materials, as directed by the Contracting Officer, in surfaces to receive fill or in excavated areas. Scarify the surface to a depth of 4 inches before the fill is started. Plow, step, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal so that the fill material will bond with the existing material. When subgrades are less than the specified density, break up the ground surface to a minimum depth of 6 inches, pulverizing, and compacting to the specified density. When the subgrade is part fill and part excavation or natural ground, scarify the excavated or natural ground portion to a depth of 12 inches and compact it as specified for the adjacent fill.

3.6.2 Frozen Material

Do not place material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or contain frost. Finish compaction by sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic-tired rollers, steel-wheeled rollers, or other approved equipment well suited to the soil being compacted.

3.7 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

Dispose unsatisfactory materials removed from excavations into designated waste disposal or spoil areas. Use satisfactory material removed from excavations, insofar as practicable, in the construction of embankments, subgrades, bedding (as backfill), and for similar purposes. Submit proposed source of borrow area. Do not waste any satisfactory excavated material without specific written authorization. Dispose of satisfactory material, authorized to be wasted, in designated areas approved for surplus material storage or designated waste areas as directed. Clear and grub newly designated waste areas on Government-controlled land before disposal of waste material thereon. Stockpile and use coarse rock from excavations for constructing slopes or embankments adjacent to streams, or sides and bottoms of channels and for protecting against erosion. Do not dispose excavated material to obstruct the flow of any stream, endanger a partly finished structure, impair the efficiency or appearance of any structure, or be detrimental to the completed work in any way.

3.8 BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION

Place backfill adjacent to any and all types of structures, in successive horizontal layers of loose material not more than 12 inches in depth.

Compact to at least 90 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesive materials or 95 percent laboratory maximum density for cohesionless

31 00 00 - 4 materials, to prevent wedging action or eccentric loading upon or against the structure. Backfill material must be within the range of -2 to +2 percent of optimum moisture content at the time of compaction.

Prepare ground surface on which backfill is to be placed and provide compaction requirements for backfill materials in conformance with the applicable portions of paragraphs GROUND SURFACE PREPARATION. Finish compaction by sheepsfoot rollers, pneumatic-tired rollers, steel-wheeled rollers, vibratory compactors, or other approved equipment.

3.9 EMBANKMENT PREPARATION

3.9.1 Construction

Shape subgrade to lines, grades, and cross section, and compact as specified. include traffic required to obtain specified compaction for this operation. Remove soft or otherwise unsatisafactory material and replace with satisfactory excavated material or other approved material as directed. Bring up low areas resulting from removal of unsatisfactory material or excavation of rock to required grade with satisfactory materials, and shape the entire subgrade to lines, grades, cross sections and compact as specified.

3.9.2 Compaction

Finish compaction on the embankment with two passes of a tracked piece of equipment or other approved equipment over the embankment. Riprap shall not be placed on the newly prepared slope until compaction is deemed satisfactory by the COR.

3.10 FINISHING

Finish the surface of excavations, embankments, and subgrades to a smooth and compact surface in accordance with the lines, grades, and cross sections or elevations shown. Repair graded, topsoiled, or backfilled areas prior to acceptance of the work, and re-established grades to the required elevations and slopes.

3.10.1 Subgrade and Embankments

During construction, keep embankments and excavations shaped and drained.

Maintain ditches and drains along subgrade to drain effectively at all times. Do not disturb the finished subgrade by traffic or other operation. Protect and maintain the finished subgrade in a satisfactory condition until rock is placed. Do not permit the storage or stockpiling of materials on the finished subgrade. Do not place riprap until the subgrade has been checked and approved, and in no case place riprap on a muddy, spongy, or frozen subgrade. Any extra un-used cut material will be pushed/placed back on the toe of newly placed riprap.

3.11 PLACING TOPSOIL

On areas to receive topsoil, prepare the compacted subgrade soil to a 2 inches depth for bonding of topsoil with subsoil. Spread topsoil evenly to a thickness of 2 inches and grade to the elevations and slopes shown. Do not spread topsoil when frozen or excessively wet or dry.

3.12 SEEDING

3.12.1 General Seed

31 00 00 - 5

This work consists of preparing a seedbed and furnishing and planting seed on all dsturbed areas. See Section 32 92 19 SEEDING for seeding and site restoration requirements.

3.12.2 Post Construction

Any areas that have been disturbed, will be shaped, graded, seeded, mulched, and be placed back to a minimum of it's existing condition.

-- End of Section --

31 00 00 - 6

SECTION 32 92 19

SEEDING

10/06

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM C602 (2013a) Agricultural Liming Materials

ASTM D4427 (2018) Peat Samples by Laboratory Testing

ASTM D4972 (2018) pH of Soils

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)

AMS Seed Act (1940; R 1988; R 1998) Federal Seed Act

DOA SSIR 42 (1996) Soil Survey Investigation Report No. 42, Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual, Version 3.0

SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (SDDOT)

2015 SDDOT Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges

1.2 RELATED REQUIREMENTS

Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK applies to this section for pesticide use and plant establishment requirements, with additions and modifications herein.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;

submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 11 00 SUMMARY OF WORK:

SD-03 Product Data

Wood cellulose fiber mulch

Fertilizer

Include physical characteristics, and recommendations.

SD-07 Certificates

32 92 19 - 1

State certification and approval for seed

1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

1.4.1 Delivery

1.4.1.1 Seed Protection

Protect from drying out and from contamination during delivery, on-site storage, and handling.

1.5 TIME LIMITATIONS

1.5.1 Seed

Apply seed within twenty four hours after seed bed preparation.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 SEED

2.1.1 Classification

Provide State-approved seed of the latest season's crop delivered in original sealed packages, bearing producer's guaranteed analysis for percentages of mixtures, purity, germination, weedseed content, and inert material. Label in conformance with AMS Seed Act and applicable state seed laws.

2.1.2 Seed Mixture by Weight

Permanent seed species and mixtures shall be proportioned by weight as follows:

LAWN SEED

Mixture Percent Pounds Pure Common Name/Botanical Name by Weight Live Seed/Acre Kentucky Bluegrass/Poa pratensis(Park) 60 51 Creeping Red Fescue/Festuca rubra 20 17 Perenial Ryegrass/Lolium perenne 20 17

Total 100 85

FIELD SEED

Mixture Percent Pounds Pure Common Name (Where Grown) by Weight Live Seed/Acre Western Wheat Montana 21.9 6 Forestburg Switchgrass South Dakota 24.8 8 Oahe Inert Wheatgrass South Dakota 23.8 7 YB Sweet Clover Canada 24.9 8 Inert Material 4.6 0

Total 100 29

Proportion seed mixtures by weight. Temporary seeding must later be replaced by plantings for a permanent stand of grass. The same requirements of turf establishment for apply for temporary seeding.

2.2 TOPSOIL

32 92 19 - 2

2.2.1 On-Site Topsoil

Surface soil shall be stripped and stockpiled on site and modified as necessary to meet the requirements specified for topsoil in paragraph entitled "Composition." When available topsoil shall be existing surface soil stripped and stockpiled on-site in accordance with Section 31 00 00

EARTHWORK.

2.2.2 Off-Site Topsoil

Conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled "Composition."

Additional topsoil shall be furnished by the Contractor .

2.3 FERTILIZER

2.3.1 Fertilizer

Refer to 2015 SDDOT section 731.

2.4 MULCH

Mulch shall conform to 2015 SDDOT Section 732.

2.4.1 Straw

Stalks from oats, wheat, rye, barley, or rice. Furnish in air-dry condition and of proper consistency for placing with commercial mulch blowing equipment. Straw shall contain no fertile seed.

2.4.2 Hay

Air-dry condition and of proper consistency for placing with commercial mulch blowing equipment. Hay shall be sterile, containing no fertile seed.

2.4.3 Wood Cellulose Fiber Mulch

Use recovered materials of either paper-based (100 percent) or wood-based (100 percent) hydraulic mulch. Processed to contain no growth or germination-inhibiting factors and dyed an appropriate color to facilitate visual metering of materials application. Composition on air-dry weight basis: 9 to 15 percent moisture, pH range from 5.5 to 8.2

2.5 Erosion Blanket

Erosion blanket shall be Western Excelsior, Excel SS-2 or approved equivalent.

2.6 WATER

Source of water shall be approved by Contracting Officer and of suitable quality for irrigation, containing no elements toxic to plant life.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

3.1.1 EXTENT OF WORK

32 92 19 - 3

Provide soil preparation (including soil conditioners as required), fertilizing, seeding, and surface topdressing of all newly graded finished earth surfaces, unless indicated otherwise, and at all areas inside or outside the limits of construction that are disturbed by the Contractor's operations.

3.1.1.1 Topsoil

Provide 4 inches of off-site topsoil or on-site topsoil to meet indicated finish grade. After areas have been brought to indicated finish grade, incorporate fertilizer into soil a minimum depth of 4 inches by disking, harrowing, tilling or other method approved by the Contracting Officer.

Remove debris and stones larger than 3/4 inch in any dimension remaining on the surface after finish grading. Correct irregularities in finish surfaces to eliminate depressions. Protect finished topsoil areas from damage by vehicular or pedestrian traffic.

3.1.1.2 Fertilizer Application Rates

Apply fertilizer at a rate of 350 pounds per acre. Fertilizer shall be incorporated in to the soil to a maximum depth of 4 inches or may be incorporated as part of the tillage or hydroseeding process.

3.2 SEEDING

3.2.1 Seed Application Seasons and Conditions

Immediately before seeding, restore soil to proper grade. Do not seed when ground is muddy frozen or in an unsatisfactory condition for seeding. If special conditions exist that may warrant a variance in the above seeding dates or conditions, submit a written request to the Contracting Officer stating the special conditions and proposed variance. Apply seed within twenty four hours after seedbed preparation. Sow seed by approved sowing equipment. Sow one-half the seed in one direction, and sow remainder at right angles to the first sowing.

3.2.2 Seed Application Method

Seeding method shall be broadcasted and drop seeding, drill seeding, or hydroseeding.

3.2.2.1 Broadcast and Drop Seeding

Seed shall be uniformly broadcast at the rate specified using broadcast seeders. Use broadcast or drop seeders. Sow one-half the seed in one direction, and sow remainder at right angles to the first sowing. Cover seed uniformly to a maximum depth of 1/4 inch in clay soils by means of spike-tooth harrow, cultipacker, raking or other approved devices.

3.2.2.2 Drill Seeding

Seed shall be drilled at the rate specified. Use cultipacker seeders grass seed drills . Drill seed uniformly to average depth of 1/2 inch.

3.2.2.3 Hydroseeding

First, mix water and fiber. Wood cellulose fiber, paper fiber, or recycled

32 92 19 - 4 paper shall be applied as part of the hydroseeding operation. Fiber shall be added at 1,000 pounds, dry weight, per acre. Then add and mix seed and fertilizer to produce a homogeneous slurry. Seed shall be mixed to ensure broadcasting at the rate specified. When hydraulically sprayed on the ground, material shall form a blotter like cover impregnated uniformly with grass seed. Spread with one application with no second application of mulch.

3.2.3 Mulching

3.2.3.1 Hay or Straw Mulch

Hay or straw mulch shall be spread uniformly at the rate of 2 tons per acre.

Mulch shall be spread by hand, blower-type mulch spreader, or other approved method. Mulching shall be started on the windward side of relatively flat areas or on the upper part of steep slopes, and continued uniformly until the area is covered. The mulch shall not be bunched or clumped. Sunlight shall not be completely excluded from penetrating to the ground surface. All areas installed with seed shall be mulched on the same day as the seeding. Mulch shall be anchored immediately following spreading.

3.2.3.2 Mechanical Anchor

Mechanical anchor shall be a V-type-wheel land packer; a scalloped-disk land packer designed to force mulch into the soil surface; or other suitable equipment.

3.2.4 Rolling

Immediately after seeding, firm entire area except for slopes in excess of 3 to 1 with a roller not exceeding 90 pounds for each foot of roller width.

If seeding is performed with cultipacker-type seeder or by hydroseeding, rolling may be eliminated.

3.2.5 Erosion Control Material

Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, where indicated or as directed by the Contracting Officer.

3.2.6 Watering

Start watering areas seeded as required by temperature and wind conditions. Apply water at a rate sufficient to insure thorough wetting of soil to a depth of 2 inches without run off. During the germination process, seed is to be kept actively growing and not allowed to dry out.

3.3 PROTECTION OF TURF AREAS

Immediately after turfing, protect area against traffic and other use.

3.4 Turf Establishment Period

3.4.1 Satisfactory Stand of Turf

A satisfactory stand of turf for field seeded areas is defined as having a minimum of 40 grass plants per square foot. The total bare spots shall not

32 92 19 - 5 exceed 5 percent of the total seeded area. Any unsatisfactory stands of turf shall be re-seeded at the Contractor's expense.

3.5 Maintenance During Turf Establishment Period

3.5.1 General

Maintenance of the turfed areas shall include eradicating weeds, eradicating insects and diseases, protecting embankments and ditches from erosion, maintaining erosion control materials and mulch, and protecting turfed areas from traffic.

3.6 RESTORATION

Restore to original condition existing turf areas which have been damaged during turf installation operations at the Contractor's expense. Keep clean at all times at least one paved pedestrian access route and one paved vehicular access route to each building. Clean other paving when work in adjacent areas is complete.

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32 92 19 - 6