AG04T0S110017SpecificationPackage.pdf

USDA Forest Service Project Specifications

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 02318 – Page 1/3

SECTION 02318

EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL FOR UTILITIES

1. PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 SUMMARY

A. This section specifies excavation and backfill for the ground wires and utilities, including excavation; furnishing, hauling and placing of backfill material; disposal of excess or unsuitable backfill material; and grading.

B. Contractor shall place screened native backfill as shown on the drawings.

C. Class of Material.

1. Material to be excavated for installation of ground conductors is unclassified.

1.02 REFERENCES

A. 16675 - Lightning Protection System

2. PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS

A. Backfill Materials.

1. Backfill material shall contain no frozen or organic material.

2. Select Excavated Material, consisting of compacted native earth backfill as shown on details 13/E06 and 14/E06

a. Excavated material, containing no rocks larger than 2 inches in largest dimension can be used as backfill.

3. PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 CONSTRUCTION

A. Excavation.

1. All trenches shall be excavated in reasonably close conformity with the lines shown on the Drawings. Any shifting or change from the alignment shown on the Drawings must receive prior approval by the CO in writing.

2. Do not place bedding or backfill until excavation has been approved by the CO

B. Over excavation.

1. Restore to grade any overexcavation by backfilling with select material.

C. Excavated Material.

1. Pile excavated material at the side of the trench where it will give the best protection for the work. Leave adequate space between the toe of

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 02318 – Page 2/3 the spoil pile and edge of trench to prevent material from falling into the trench.

D. Backfill.

1. Do not place backfill until installation of cable or utility and connections have been approved by the CO.

2. Reference Section 16675 and Detail 14 of Sheet E-06 of the project drawings for soil enhancements as needed. If the grounding does not meet the specified 25 ohm requirement, then ground enhancement material (GEM) shall be used.

3. Before compacting backfill other than rock or sand, prepare material to a water content that will permit proper compaction by either aerating the material if it is too wet, or spraying the material with water if it is too dry. Do not compact material above conductor and utility until there are 6 inches of cover over the pipe, conductor, and/or utility.

4. Bedding Material: Place in lifts 4 inches or less in thickness and compact with a minimum of 3 passes over the entire lift surface.

Compact around pipe barrel and bells by hand tamping.

5. Other backfill materials place in 6 inches lifts or less and compact with a minimum of 3 passes over the entire lift surface.

E. Provide 6-inch wide yellow metallic core Detectatape warning tape as available, buried six inches below grade. See Section 16675 for materials.

1. Refer to ground trench details on Sheet E-06 of the Drawings.

3.02 REPAIR/RESTORATION

A. Damage to existing underground utilities.

1. Contractor shall be responsible for locating and protecting all underground utilities and improvements. In the event of damage to existing utilities or improvements, the Contractor shall immediately stop all work associated with the damage and notify the CO. The Contractor shall repair the utilities or improvements as directed by the CO, at no additional cost to the Government.

B. Surface Restoration.

1. Restore all surfaces in kind with select native backfill material

a. Mound final un-compacted lift above finished grade.

2. Final Finish.

a. After the wire installation and backfill has been completed, finish all disturbed areas, except trench area required to be mounded, to a smooth, uniform grade and texture, well blended to the original contours, showing minimum evidence of construction activity.

3.03 CLEANING

A. Disposal of Excess Excavation and Unsuitable Material.

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1. Spread excess excavation, without mounding, within the clearing limits.

4. PART 4 – MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

A. Measurement and payment for excavation and backfill shall be considered incidental to the work of Section 16675 of these Specifications.

END OF SECTION

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16010 – Page 1/6

SECTION 16010

GENERAL TECHNICAL PROVISIONS

1. PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. Furnish all labor and material necessary for the installation, connection, testing and adjustment of all Lightning Protection equipment specified herein, shown, or noted on the drawings, specified or required in other portions of this specification and delivered to the Government as a complete installation in all respects ready for use. Components and installation shall conform to U.L. 96 and 96A for U.L. Certification.

B. Coordinate all sections of Division 16 within the division and with all other divisions. All general technical provisions apply to all sections of this division.

C. Work shall consist of, but not be limited to the following:

1. Install all lightning protection air terminals, conductors, down conductors, earthing systems and bonding conductors as shown on the plans.

2. Restore all trenching to virgin conditions as close as possible.

1.02 REFERENCES

A. 02318 - Excavation and Backfill for Utilities

B. 16050 - Basic Materials and Methods

C. 16650 - Ground Resistance Testing

D. 16675 - Lightning Protection System

E. 16800 – Ground Connection System

1.03 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Codes and Standards:

1. All materials shall conform to the applicable current standards (standard rules, regulations and specifications) of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the National Electric Code

(NEC).

2. All materials shall bear the label of, or be listed by, the Underwriter's Laboratory, Inc., (U.L. (96 & 96a).

3. Where conflicts exist between any of the above standards, the standard most stringent shall take precedence.

4. Resolve all conflicts with applicable regulations. Prepare and submit to the CO all additional clarifying details including substitute methods and materials as needed to secure the required approval and resolve conflicts.

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16010 – Page 2/6

B. All work shall be done by electricians licensed by the state in which the work is performed with experience in grounding, cadwelding and working on high structures.

C. Inspections: Arrange for all inspections of the work by the county or state electrical inspector. Final inspection and acceptance of the work will be made only after all certificates of inspections, including final certificate of acceptance of the work by the inspection authority have been accepted by the CO.

1.04 DRAWINGS

A. For clarity and legibility, the electrical layouts are essentially diagrammatic. The size and location of components are shown wherever possible. Make use of all the data in all the contract documents and verify information against actual field conditions. Install materials and equipment to conform to the available space.

B. Electrical drawings and layout may not necessarily suit the requirement of the particular manufacturer's equipment, which is installed. Modify wiring and location as required for proper installation.

C. Submit proposed modification to CO for approval and note change on record drawings prior to making such modification.

1.05 MATERIAL SUBMITTALS

A. Submit catalog cuts, shop drawings, diagrams, and manufacturer's installation, operating and maintenance instructions for all material and equipment requiring submittals in each section of Division 16

B. Obtain written approval for the above submittals prior to construction, assembly, and delivery.

C. Furnish complete material submittals where possible. Partial submittals will be considered only to allow timely ordering of equipment.

D. Shop drawings shall be folded to 8-1/2" x 11" sheet size.

E. Submittals shall have sufficient detail to determine if ratings, characteristics, and physical construction are equivalent to those specified.

F. Where manufacturer's catalog sheets are used, indicate the specific items to be supplied in ink either by arrow, encircled on the sheet, or the inapplicable portion blocked out. List manufacturer's name, contract, section and drawing sheet reference number on each catalog sheet.

Identify where equipment is to be used, if not obvious.

G. Submittals shall show any changes to be made resulting from substitution of equipment or materials for those that are specified.

H. Submittal format

1. Submit two hard copies of catalog cuts, shop drawings, diagrams and manufacturing installation, operating and maintenance instructions bound in a loose-leaf binder, indexed in the order they appear in the specifications.

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16010 – Page 3/6

2. Submit a pdf file indexed in the same format as the hardcopy.

3. The approved hardcopy shall be returned to the Contractor for use as the project record set.

I. Make complete submittals of all equipment within 10 calendar days of notice to proceed.

1.06 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS

A. Supply Operation and Maintenance Manuals as specified. Label the front cover of the manuals with the following information: The name of the project, the General Contractor, the Electrical Contractor, the date of construction, and contract number.

B. Submit a preliminary complete copy to the CO for approval at least 2 weeks prior to the final inspection.

C. Deliver two approved bound copies and the pdf file of a CD of final Operation and Maintenance Manuals to the CO prior to closing of the contract.

D. Furnish manuals in 8-1/2" x 11" size in hard cover, loose leaf, 3-ring binder. Accordion fold drawings to 8-1/2" x 11" size. Provide an index and tabs for listing contents. Arrange contents in order of their appearance in the specifications.

E. Include the following information as part of the maintenance manuals:

1. Required Data: As-built shop drawings, diagrams, catalog data, parts lists, all approved submittal data, manufacturer's installation, operating and maintenance instruction manuals for all equipment and fixtures.

2. List major equipment with the names, addresses and telephone numbers of the equipment representative providing factory trained service personnel.

3. As-Built Drawings: Furnish one set of electrical drawings in CAD format showing the project "as-built". Include physical layout of all conduit, buried wire, stubouts, splice vault locations, circuit changes, interior wiring, fixture and equipment location, and marked with all changes and corrections made during the course of the work. The Government will provide CAD drawing files on disk or CD to the contractor to modify drawings of all of the contract drawings for as-builts, if different from what is shown on drawings. The base background drawing files will be supplied to use in X-referencing the appropriate layer for each sub system.

F. Keep one copy of record drawings, other than working drawings, on the site at all times during construction, and note all changes and corrections made during the construction period. Transfer these changes to the CAD drawings.

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16010 – Page 4/6

1.07 DELIVERY AND STORAGE

A. Deliver and store materials in original containers, protected from the elements and theft, and accessible for inspection.

B. Store items subject to moisture damage in a dry, heated place.

C. Protect material against dirt, water, chemical or mechanical injury.

1.08 EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

A. Excavation and backfill for this work shall be in accordance with Section 02318.

B. Typical trenching and backfill details are shown on the drawings.

1.09 INSPECTIONS AND TESTS

A. In the presence of the CO, conduct tests to determine that a complete workable Lightning Protection system has been installed conforming to the drawings, to U.L. Listing standards, other applicable codes, and specifications. (See 16010, and 16650, Testing)

2. PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 NOT USED

3. PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

A. Follow manufacturer's directions in delivery, storage, protection and installation of equipment and materials.

B. Notify CO of any conflicts between manufacturer's instructions and contract documents.

3.02 CONDUCTORS

A. General: Provide copper conductors for interior and exterior Lightning Protection systems. Aluminum will not be permitted.

B. Conductor and associated conduit sizes shown on drawings are for copper.

3.03 TERMINATIONS

A. General: Provide all terminations including all required hardware for a complete installation.

1. Supports: Provide hangers or other devices such as pads, channels, struts, joists, anchors, etc., necessary for the support of electrical equipment. Show on shop drawing supplementary framing including design loads, member size, and location. Terminations shall be in conformance with the standard provided in U.L. 96 and U.L. 96A.

3.04 CONDUCTOR INSTALLATION

A. Keep all conductors within the manufacturer’s allowable tension limits during installation. Use lubricants for wire pulling intended for use with

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16010 – Page 5/6 the insulation and raceway material. Observe cable manufacturer's and industry standard cable bending radius recommendations. Do not install conductors at temperatures less than 30 degrees F.

3.05 SPLICING AND TERMINATIONS

A. General: Provide all splices and terminations including all required hardware for a complete installation. Underground splice details are shown on drawings.

3.06 GROUNDING SYSTEM

1. General: Provide all grounding systems and make connections mechanically secure and electrically continuous.

2. Furnish compression, bolted or cad welded grounding conductor connections as specified in Section 16675.

3. Where not otherwise indicated, grounding conductor size shall conform to the most stringent of the governing codes.

4. Ground the system to exterior ground rods, foundation ground, and ground ring

5. Bond metal parts of lighting fixtures, not otherwise grounded, with copper wire. Bonding fixtures connected to bonded gas piping is not required.

3.07 TESTS

A. General: Perform the tests as described in 16675 and 16650. Notify the CO in writing at least five days in advance of all tests in this and other sections of this specification. Perform all tests in the presence of the CO.

Upon completion of all tests, submit written test results in duplicate for approval by the CO prior to acceptance.

B. Test Report Forms:

1. Submit a copy for approval of the proposed data sheet to be used for each required test. Submit data sheets for approval a minimum of 15 days before each test. Enter test data on forms during tests by hand;

do not recopy.

2. Furnish data in form listing required test data, name of tested device, location, serial number, type and name of measurement instrument with scale settings.

C. Ground System Tests: Immediately after installation, before connection, test driven grounds and foundation ground. Test driven ground rods individually. The combined resistance of all grounded-together electrodes in a group shall not exceed 25 ohms at the main point of connection. Submit the results, date of test and soil conditions to the CO in writing immediately after testing. Tests shall be made as described in section 16650. A standard ohmmeter will not work for this test.

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3.08 FINAL TESTS

A. Final Test: Start final tests after complete preliminary tests have been made. System performance shall conform to the following criteria. Note any deviations on the test reports with indication of corrective action taken or proposed.

B. Test Reports

1. Submit dated "Lightning Protection System Test Reports" indicating all tests performed and demonstrating conformance with the required system performance criteria in tabular form as described above.

Include all resistance test data of the ground systems as applicable.

Submit test reports prior to final inspection.

C. Final Corrections:

1. Correct promptly any failure or defects revealed by these tests and re-conduct tests on these corrected items. Make any final adjustments for optimum operation of all equipment.

4. PART 4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

A. No separate payment will be made for work included under this Section.

Payment for this work will be included in the Contract unit price under Section 16675.

END OF SECTION 16010

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16050 – Page 1/2

SECTION 16050

BASIC MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. PART 1 - GENERAL

1.01 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

A. Section 16010 – General Technical Provisions

B. Section 16675 – Lightning Protection System

1.02 DESCRIPTION

A. Furnish all new materials of latest standard design, which are the standard product of manufacturers who regularly engage in the production of such equipment. Provide material of the same type or classification and used for the same purpose of the same manufacturer. Furnish materials, equipment, and devices approved by the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., for the purposes for which they are used. Certain classes of materials used are not within the scope of UL Reexamination Services; therefore, this does not apply when not applicable.

1.03 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit shop drawings and equipment catalog data and manufacturer's installation operating and maintenance instructions for approval of the following items in accordance with Section 16010:

1. Conductors

2. Lugs and Connectors

3. Duct Seal and Fire Stopping

2. PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.01 CONDUCTORS

A. This specification covers all conductors not specifically specified in other sections. Furnish conductors and cable conforming to UL, Federal Specification J-C-30, or ICEA as applicable. Provide new cable manufactured within 1 year prior to installation. Deliver to jobsite in original cartons bearing U.L. label.

B. 600V Power, Lighting and Control Circuits: Provide copper conductors.

Aluminum will not be allowed. Copper conductors unless otherwise specified, conform to Federal Specification J-C-30. For cable type THW, or THWN, provide insulation conforming to Federal Specification J-C-30A. For type XHHW, XLP-USE, provide cross-linked polyethylene insulation conforming to ICEA S-66-524. Color code insulation for wire sizes No. 14 through No. 6.

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16050 – Page 2/2

2.02 IDENTIFICATION NAMEPLATES

A. Provide permanently mounted laminated plastic engraved nameplates for all electrical equipment listed in 16010 indicating name, function and rating. Submit nameplate legends for approval with shop drawings of equipment. Furnish black nameplates with engraved white letters for 120/240. Letter height 1/4 inch minimum.

2.03 LUGS, CONNECTORS AND TERMINATIONS

A. Lugs, connectors and terminations to be U.L. listed for intended purpose.

B. Solderless insulated pressure twist-on connectors for conductors No. 8 or smaller for in-line splices for circuits.

2.04 INSULATION

A. Provide insulation equal to insulation of conductors used. For above ground installations, use thermoplastic tape, heat shrink tubing, preinsulated splices, expandable insulated sleeves or resin encapsulated splices.

2.05 MOUNTING HARDWARE

A. NSC threads on all threaded fasteners, nuts, bolts, screws, lag bolts, expansion shield, and other miscellaneous fasteners. Provide cadmium plated steel hardware.

2.06 DUCT SEAL

A. Provide re-enterable duct seal for sealing conduit which remains pliable after in-place use, RVS Industries, No. KM1146, duct seal or equal.

3. PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.01 See Section 16010 for EXECUTION.

4. PART 4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

A. Measurement and payment for basic materials and methods shall be considered incidental to the work of Section 16675 of these Specifications.

END OF SPECIFICATION 16050

USDA Forest Service Engineering Reports

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16650 - 1/6

SECTION 16650

GROUND RESISTANCE TESTING

1. PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 GROUND RESISTANCE DESIGN AND TESTING PARAMETERS

A. Soil Resistivity

1. Soil resistivity measurements are made to determine the soil conditions for future design. Soil resistivity directly affects the design of a grounding system, and it is to that task that this discussion is directed. When designing an extensive grounding system, it is advisable to locate the area of lowest soil resistivity in order to achieve the most economical grounding installation.

2. Soil resistivity is the key factor that determines what the resistance of a grounding electrode will be, and to what depth it must be driven to obtain low ground resistance. The resistivity of the soil varies widely through out the world and changes seasonally. Soil resistivity is determined largely by its content of electrolytes, which consist of moisture, minerals and dissolved salts. A dry soil has high resistivity if it contains no soluble salts

3. (Figure 1).

Resistivity (approx), ohm-cm

Soil Min. Average Max.

Ashes, cinders, brine, waste 90 2,370 7,000

Clay, shale, gumbo, loam 340 4,060 16,300

Same, with varying proportions of sand and gravel 1,020 15,800 135,000

Gravel, sand, stones with little clay or loam 59,000 94,000 458,000

FIGURE 1

B. Factors Affecting Soil Resistivity

1. Moisture: The resistivity of the soil is seen to change quite rapidly until approximately 20% or greater moisture content is reached (Figure 2).

2. Other factors like temperature, layout, salts content, etc, but to a much lesser extent on peaks and mountain tops. Typically, most of the

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16650 - 2/6 dissolved salts have been washed off the mountaintops by rain and snow.

FIGURE 3 FIGURE 2

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16650 - 3/6

1.02 SOIL RECEPTIVITY MEASUREMENTS (4-POINT MEASUREMENT)

A. Resistivity measurements are of two types; the 2-point and the 4-point method. The 2-point method is simply the resistance measured between two points. For most applications the most accurate method is the 4-point method. The 4-point method, as the name implies, requires the insertion of four equally spaced and in-line electrodes into the test area. A known current from a constant current generator is passed between the outer electrodes. The potential drop (a function of the resistance) is then measured across the two inner electrodes.

= _______ 4AR _______ .

1 + 2A - 2A .

SQRT(A2 + 4B2) SQRT(4A2 + 4B2)

Where:

A = distance between the electrodes in centimeters B = electrode depth in centimeters If A > 20 B, the formula becomes:

= 2¹ AR (with A in cm)

4-POINT SOIL RESISTIVITY TEST FIGURE 4

= 191.5 AR (with A in feet) = Soil resistivity (ohm-cm)

January 24, 2011 Mary’s Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16650 – Page 4/6

1.03 GROUND RESISTANCE TESTING PRINCIPLE

A. (Fall of Potential — 3-Point Measurement)

B. The potential difference between rods X and Y is measured by a voltmeter, and the current flow between rods X and Z is measured by an ammeter.

C. (Note: X, Y and Z may be referred to as X, P and C in a 3-point test (See Figure 5)

D. By Ohm's Law E = RI or R = E/I, we may obtain the ground electrode resistance

R. IF E = 20 V AND I = 1 A, THEN

R = E = 20 = 20

I 1

E. It is not necessary to carry out all the measurements when using a ground tester. The ground tester will measure directly by generating its own current and displaying the resistance of the ground electrode.

FIGURE 5

F. Position of the Auxiliary Electrodes on Measurements

1. The goal in precisely measuring the resistance to ground is to place the auxiliary current electrode Z far enough from the ground electrode under test so that the auxiliary potential electrode Y will be outside of the effective resistance area of both the ground electrode and the auxiliary current electrode. The best way to find out if the auxiliary potential rod Y is outside the effective resistance areas is to move it between X and Z and to take a reading at each location. If the auxiliary potential rod Y is in an effective resistance area, by displacing it the readings taken will vary noticeably in value. Under these conditions, no exact value for the resistance to ground may be determined. On the other hand, if the auxiliary potential rod Y is located outside of the effective resistance areas (Figure 5), as Y is moved back and forth the reading variation is minimal.

G. The readings taken should be relatively close to each other (Figure 18), and are the best values for the resistance to ground of the ground.

H. The readings should be plotted to ensure that they lie in a ‘plateau’ region as shown in Figure 18. The region is often referred to as the “62% area.

January 24, 2011 Mary’s Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16650 – Page 5/6

2. PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 GROUND TESTER

A. Provide a Biddle model 250220 ground resistance tester or approved equal.

B. AEMC inductive type testers are not allowed.

3. PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GROUND TESTING PROCEDURE

A. Perform ground-testing procedures as per description above under 1.03.

B. Provide completed attached Test Report for each ground tested as per 16010.

January 24, 2011 Mary’s Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16650 – Page 6/6

4. PART 4 GROUND RESISTANCE TEST REPORT

End of Section

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16675 – Page 1/10

SECTION 16675

LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

1. PART I – GENERAL

1.01 DESCRIPTION

A. The Contractor shall provide and install a functional lightning protection system complying with the provisions of the latest "Lightning Protection Code" NFPA 780 from the National Fire Protection Association, U.L. 96 & 96A, any state and local codes, and these Specifications.

B. The components provided under this specification shall be the standard product of manufacturers regularly engaged in the production of lightning protection systems or components and shall be of the latest approved design. Components shall conform to U.L. 96A for U.L. Certification.

C. All work shall be done by state licensed contractors and electricians, experienced in grounding systems, cadwelding, and work on high structures.

D. Contractor shall provide proof of past work involving experience that relates to the work of this project.

1.02 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit shop drawings and equipment catalog data and manufacturer's installation operating and maintenance instructions for approval of the following items listed in accordance with Section 16010 for all materials listed in products in this section.

B. Components and installation shall conform to U.L. 96 and 96A for U.L. Listing.

1.03 SUBSTITUTIONS

A. The equipment specified carries brand names and catalog numbers and shall be interpreted as establishing a standard of quality.

1.04 REFERENCES

A. 16010 – General Technical Provisions

B. 16050 – Basic Methods and Materials

C. 16650 – Ground Resistance Testing

D. 16800 – Ground Connection System

E. 323113 – Chain Link Fences and Gates

F. Reference Standards

1. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.

a. NFPA 780 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Lightning Protection

Code

b. International Building Code (IBC)

c. National Electrical Code (NEC)

d. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

e. Underwriters’ Laboratory (UL) Related Work - The work shall be in accordance with the following subsidiary specifications. The subsidiary specifications are referred to in the text by the Section designation only.

i. UL 96 Lightning Protection Components.

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16675 – Page 2/10

ii. UL 96A Installation Requirements for Lightning Protection Systems.

1.05 THE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM SHALL CONSIST OF THE FOLLOWING:

A. Main protective system

1. Air terminals, main down conductors, equal potential rings, bonding exterior metal objects, bonding interior metal objects and connection to the grounding system.

B. Earthing system

1. Radials, ground electrodes, ground enhancement materials, etc. as shown on the drawings.

C. Interior Telecommunications Equipment

1. Telecommunications equipment consists of Forest Service and other vendor radio equipment in racks.

2. Bond radio equipment to ground wire in tray.

3. Bond antenna shield conductor to lightning protection system at entry to communications building.

D. Tower grounding

1. Varies for conductive and non-conductive towers, see drawings.

E. Fence Grounding

1. Bond all fences as shown on drawings.

F. Propane tank and Transfer Switch grounding

1. Bond existing propane lines with bonding clamps between tanks and building.

2. Bond propane tank as shown on drawings.

1.06 SAFETY PLAN

A. Provide a written Safety Plan addressing the remoteness and hazardous heights involved in the work.

1. Define what equipment will be used when working on the radio communications facility.

2. Assure all safety procedures are followed regarding safety ropes, harnesses, belts, tie off ropes, and other safety related devices.

3. No one shall climb a tower without receiving safety instruction and have the proper safety equipment for the task to be performed.

B. Provide a written plan to be used in case of an accident, both minor and critical.

C. Provide a written record of any and all on-the-job accidents to the CO within 24 hrs, including the cause and actions taken.

1.07 DRAWINGS

1. Site documents are considered a part of the lightning protection system documents insofar as they apply, as referenced in full. Building dimensions may be approximate;

conductor paths, devices, equipment, etc., are indicated only in their approximate location, unless dimensioned. Cab floor plans are general configurations and each site may vary in the kind and location of equipment.

B. Sites may have extreme slopes, which may not be noted on the drawings. Locate devices and apparatus approximately as shown on drawings where not dimensioned, and coordinate such locations with walkways and other uses to avoid tripping or other safety

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16675 – Page 3/10 hazards. Work with other trades involved to prevent interferences. Verifying dimensions shown on the drawings is the responsibility of the contractor.

1.08 AS-BUILT DRAWINGS

A. At project completion, submit an accurate set of as-built AutoCAD drawings hard copy and electronic copies on CD-ROM, showing any deviations from the contract documents as per section 16010.

2. PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS

A. All materials and equipment furnished and installed shall be of the highest quality, new and meet the standards of NEMA, NEIS, UL, NFPA, IBC, NEC and shall bear their label wherever standards have been established and label service is available. Where there is a conflict between the standards, the more stringent shall govern. Where materials and equipment are specified by manufacturer's name, the type and quality required is thereby denoted.

B. Provide product submittals for the following materials included in this Section:

1. Air Terminals and Mounting Plates

2. Lightning Conductors

3. Lightning Protection Fittings

4. Grounding Conductors

5. Grounding Electrodes

6. Compression Connectors

7. Ground Enhancement Material

2.02 AIR TERMINALS

A. Air terminals shall be 1/2 inch by 10 inches minimum, solid copper. They shall extend at least 10 inches above the object to be protected. All air terminal bases shall be copper with cast bronze connectors.

1. As manufactured by: Harger 80H2 with base per drawing; Thompson 665XELA with base as shown on drawing.

2. Manufacturer shown only to show style and quality. Submittals for substitution will be accepted if like quality and style exist. See Substitution section.

3. Contractor to verify terminal/base size prior to submittals.

B. Air terminals

1. New Air Terminals, one on each tower. Provide units as shown on the drawings.

2.03 CONDUCTORS

A. Conductors shown in specifications are for a Class I tower or structure (75’ high or less).

B. Type 1 - Main Down Conductors

1. U.L. Listed #24x14 (65,500cm) braided copper class II conductors.

a. Down Conductors, exterior equal potential rings, shall be main conductor sized.

b. Guy wire bonding conductors, guy anchor bonds or guy wire base Eufer ground conductors shall be main conductor size.

C. Type 2 - Primary bonding conductors

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1. Interior equal potential rings shall be U.L. Listed # 32x16 or 17 (59,500/72,500cm) braided copper class II conductor except in telecommunications rooms or buildings.

2. Interior equal potential ring conductors in telecommunications rooms and grounding bulkhead panels shall be 3 inches wide minimum, 16 AWG thick copper strap.

3. Provide two ground wire tails for connection to the BPA structure by their personnel.

Coil 10-foot coils at building for their use.

D. Type 5 - Secondary bonding conductors

1. Bonding cable U.L. Listed #14x17 28,500 cm (Type 5) or braided copper (Type 7)

a. Electronic equipment

b. Batteries

c. Radios

d. Generator

e. Transfer switches

E. Type 9 - Grounding conductors

1. 4/0 bare copper for ring ground

F. See wire as shown on drawings.

2.04 CABLE CONNECTIONS

A. All connectors shall be Listed or Labeled type of non-corrosive metal and approved for use and qualified as “permanent Connections Used In Substation Grounding, IEEE Std 837.

B. Connections on or in ground see drawings for locations.

1. Cable connections shall be made with Cadweld (Erico Products Inc. 216-248-0100 for information on Cadwelding and Cadweld molds) connections.

C. Connections above ground: see drawings for models

1. Cast bronze connectors

a. Cast bronze with screw-pressure type stainless steel bolts, nuts, and mechanical connections. Hagar or equal.

b. Mechanical joint compound shall be Noalox, or equal.

2. Compression connectors shall be Burndy or equal, Penetrox filled, applied with hydraulic compression tool with die matching fitting.

3. All connectors shall be clearly and permanently marked with the following information:

a. Manufacturer’s inspection symbol

b. Catalog number

c. Conductor accommodation(s)

d. Installation die index or die catalog number (compression)

e. Underwriters Laboratories Listing Mark/CSA certification mark

f. The words “Suitable for Direct Burial,” or “Direct Burial,” or “Burial” as specified per ANSI/UL467.

2.05 SUPPORTS

A. Conductor supports shall be Listed or Labeled type of non-corrosive metal, have ample strength to support conductors. Masonry type cable fasteners on masonry, adhesive type cable fasteners on flat roofs.

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2.06 GROUNDING ELECTRODES

A. Ground rods shall be 10 foot ground rods, 3/4 inch by 10 feet copperweld ground rods as called for on the drawings.

2.07 GROUND ENHANCEMENT SALTS

A. Rock salt as available in local grocery store.

B. If the grounding does not meet the specified 25 ohm requirement, then salting of the ground above the ground rods is acceptable.

2.08 ANTENNA LINE PROTECTION

A. Antenna line surge suppression shall separate, protect each path (RF and DC) and recombine, all in the same unit. Types with ferrite inductor core are not allowed.

Polyphaser's model IS-DC50LNZ is a +15-volt (also available in +20-volt) protector of this type. Types must be submitted and approved by the Forest Service before installation (types are dependent upon the coax and wave guides installed).

2.09 FENCE GROUNDING

A. Conductors: Bare, solid wire for No. 6 AWG and smaller; stranded wire for No. 4 AWG and larger.

1. Material above Finished Grade: Copper.

2. Material on or below Finished Grade: Copper.

3. Bonding Jumpers: Braided copper tape, 1 inch (25 mm) wide, woven of No. 3/0 AWG bare copper wire, terminated with copper ferrules.

B. Connectors and Grounding Rods: Comply with UL 467.

1. Connectors for Below-Grade Use: Exothermic welded type.

2. Grounding Rods: Copper-clad steel, 5/8 by 96 inches (16 by 2440 mm).

2.10 GENERAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION PRODUCTS

A. The following companies provide a wide range of specialty lightning protection products including air terminals, #29 and #14 cables, clamps, etc.

1. Harger Lightning Protection, Inc. (800-842-7437)

2. Advanced Lightning Technology, Inc. (800-950-7933)

3. Heary Bros., Inc. (800-421-6141)

4. VFC Inc. (801-292-2956)

5. Thompson (800 777-1230)

6. Robins (800 426-3792)

7. Burndy Compression Connectors (800 451-4956)

3. PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 DEMOLITION

A. Remove all unused existing electrical or lightning protection conductors and equipment.

Remove all replaced appliances and dispose as per direction from CO.

B. All materials that will not be reused become the property of the Contractor and shall be removed from National Forest lands and disposed of in accordance with state law.

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3.02 REPAIR OF EXISTING WORK

A. The work shall be carefully laid out in advance; where cutting, channeling, chasing, or drilling of roofs, walls, or other surfaces is necessary for proper installation, support, or anchorage of the conduit raceways or other electrical work, shall be carefully done, and all damage to building, piping, or equipment shall be repaired by skilled mechanics of the trades involved at no additional cost to the Government.

B. Contractor shall remove all unused existing Lightning Protection equipment from the tower before installing new system.

C. Contractor shall locate all existing grounding conductors and incorporate them into the new system. Do not cut or dig into existing systems, except to connect to them.

Reconnect as shown on drawings.

3.03 SITE CLEANUP

A. Remove all construction debris from site, leave as clean as possible.

3.04 AIR TERMINALS

A. Two (2) 12-inch air terminals shall be placed as shown on the drawings.

3.05 CONDUCTORS

A. Bends in conductors shall be no sharper than 90-degrees with an 8-inch minimum radius.

B. Mechanical protection for conductors shall be provided where required.

C. Metal parts shall not be substituted for conductors except as noted herein.

3.06 GROUND CONNECTOR INSTALLATION

A. Installation of connectors shall be made in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The instructions typically include conductor preparation (cleaning, pre-crimp), installation tool and die selection, and application of the proper number of crimps.

B. Connectors must be installable under all types of weather/field conditions without special safety precautions or procedures.

C. Connectors must be installable without using or producing hazardous materials or by-products.

D. Ground Connector Inspection

1. Compression dies must provide embossment of the connector upon successful installation. The embossed index must match the marking on the installed connector.

2. Closed barrel connectors must have inspection holes at the appropriate location to verify proper cable insertion.

E. Performance

1. All system connectors must be Listed by Underwriters Laboratories/Canadian Standards Association for direct burial in earth or embedment in concrete per ANSI/UL467 Standard for Grounding and Bonding Equipment/CSA C22.2 No. 41.

2. All ground connectors must meet the requirements of IEEE Std 837 Standard for Qualifying Permanent Connections Used in Substation Grounding.

3. Connectors must be suitable for lightning protection applications. Listing to UL96 Lightning Protection Components is preferred on applicable items.

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3.07 DOWN CONDUCTORS (TYPE 1)

A. Down conductors, main conductor sized, shall be provided at one of the four tower legs per tower.

B. Conductors forming each down conductor through its main radial shall be one continuous wire with no splices.

3.08 EXTERIOR INTERCONNECTION OF METALS (TYPE 2)

A. All metallic objects at roof levels shall be bonded.

B. Metal flashing over 3 feet long shall be bonded at both ends when running next to a main conductor.

C. The ground ring or Eufer ground may be used for bonding exterior metal objects that require bonding but do not meet main conductor bonding distances requirements set forth above.

D. Interconnecting bonds from other structures to radials should be buried, and shall approach the radial at a 45-degree angle, pointing away from the surge origin. The union shall consist of a connector-to-radial and connector-to-structure or material or fittings as indicated.

3.09 STRUCTURE INTERIOR INTERCONNECTION OF METALS

A. All metallic equipment inside the Cab shall be bonded to the lower external equal potential ring with secondary bonding cable. (Type 5)

B. Bond the following equipment to the lower external equal potential ring (see wire and conduit schedule) (Type 5):

1. Electronic equipment

2. Batteries

3. Radios

4. Generator

5. Transfer switches

C. Bond the remaining equipment to the nearest equal potential ring with secondary bonding conductors and flat bonding straps, use appropriate listed connectors. (Type 5)

D. Seal all penetrations with fire-proof sealant.

E. See details on site specific Drawings.

3.10 SUPPORTS

A. All conductors must be supported on 3-foot centers or less as practical.

B. Cable clips, Harger No. 251 or Thompson No. 166 or 165 to match cable size.

3.11 CABLE CONNECTIONS

A. Main cable, equal potential ring, lateral, ground ring, and ground rod connections shall be made with compression connections as shown on the drawings.

B. Bonding cable connections shall be made with either compression connections or UL listed mechanical fittings.

C. Connections between dissimilar metals shall be made with approved bimetallic connections.

D. Soldered-only connections are not allowed.

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E. To make a proper bond, all metal surfaces must be clean, any finish removed to bare metal and surface preparation compound applied.

F. All non-Cadweld connections exposed to the weather shall be listed for use. All mechanical connections shall use a joint compound.

G. See Specifications Section 16800 for connections.

3.12 TRENCHING

A. Trenches shall be to the depths called for on the drawings. The CO may approve burial depths shallower if conditions warrant but in no case, except solid rock, will it be less than 6 inches. If large rocks are found that prevent the cable from being buried at least 6 inches deep without major realignment, then the Contractor shall stop and inform the CO of the situation, and work with the CO to determine an equitable resolution.

3.13 WARNING TAPE

A. Provide plastic 6” wide Warning (ELECTRIC) tape in trenches above all buried conductors at 6” minimum below the surface.

3.14 EXTERIOR GROUNDING

A. Grounding shall be at the base and around the perimeter of the structure and shall consist of radials, ground ring, Eufer ground at new structures or if existing, and grounding electrodes as shown on the drawings. Types shown below are conductor size from wire and conduit schedule.

B. Ground Ring (Type 9 conductors) (4/0)

1. A ground ring shall be installed 10 feet beyond the tower foundation and buried 24 inches deep, where possible.

C. Radials (3/0)

1. Install radials as shown on the drawings. The radial wires should be continuous and buried 24 inches but 18 inches deep minimum unless rock is encountered. If limited soil exists, available soil should be used to cover the radials nearest the structure.

2. Radials shall be 50 to 75 feet long unless noted otherwise. All radials shall terminate in soil, if conditions allow, with a fully driven ground rod, or as shown on the drawings.

D. Ground Rods

1. Ground rods shall be installed per these specifications and as called for on the drawings. In locations where conditions do not permit a fully driven ground, the ground rod shall be driven as deep as conditions allow (3 feet minimum). If ground rods cannot be installed to 10’ they may be laid flat in trench or driven at an angle.

2. Where conditions do not allow a driven ground rod, install a 10 foot radial off the main radial alternating sides, 15 feet apart. Where fully driven ground rods are required and conditions do not allow for the installation, trench in last 10 feet of radial and surround with 3 inch thick ground enhancement material (GEM) surrounding a ground plate buried 24" minimum.

E. Salt backfill

1. When salt is called for, apply 10 pound of Potassium Chloride (Rock Salt) per ground rod. Apply warning tape over salted ground rod.

F. Connections

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1. All above grade connections shall be compression connections or cad-welded at grade connections.

2. All below grade connections between the main conductors, radials, ground ring, and the ground rods shall be Cad-welded or compression clamped and buried to the same depth as the radial run.

G. Existing grounding electrodes or conductors

1. Existing grounding electrodes such as ground plates, rods, etc. shall be incorporated into the new system by connecting them to the nearest radial or ground ring. They are not to be connected to more than one radial.

H. Other equipment and structures grounding

1. All nearby metal fences, buildings, propane and other metallic tanks, and other structures as called for in these specifications must be tied together to the main grounding system by secondary conductors to form one ground system.

a. Use an approved connector for bonding to each of the above devices.

3.15 INTERIOR GROUNDING

A. Ground cables shall be placed above existing racks in existing cable tray and run to ground bus as shown on the drawings. Connect building’s existing halo ground system to new ground buses.

3.16 FENCE GROUNDING AND BONDING

A. Fence Grounding: Install as shown on the Drawings, and as follows:

1. Ground fences at every other post – approximately 16 feet.

2. Gates and Other Fence Openings: Ground fence on each side of opening.

a. Bond metal gates to gate posts.

b. Bond across openings, with gates, except openings indicated as intentional fence discontinuities. Use No. 2 AWG wire and bury it at least 18 inches (460

mm) below finished grade.

B. Fences Enclosing Electrical Power Distribution Equipment: Ground as indicated.

C. Grounding Method: At each grounding location, drive a grounding rod vertically until the top is 6 inches (150 mm) below finished grade. Connect rod to fence with No. 6 AWG conductor. Connect conductor to each fence component at the grounding location, including the following:

1. Make grounding connections to each barbed wire strand with wire-to-wire connectors designed for this purpose.

D. Bonding Method for Gates: Connect bonding jumper between gate post and gate frame.

E. Connections: Make connections to minimize possibility of galvanic action or electrolysis. Select connectors, connection hardware, conductors, and connection methods so metals in direct contact will be galvanically compatible.

1. Use electroplated or hot-tin-coated materials to ensure high conductivity and to make contact points closer in order of galvanic series.

2. Make connections with clean, bare metal at points of contact.

3. Coat and seal connections having dissimilar metals with inert material to prevent future penetration of moisture to contact surfaces.

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3.17 TESTING

A. See 16650 for ground resistance testing procedures.

1. After installation is complete, the Contractor shall conduct a ground resistance test in the presence of the engineer using the fall of potential method.

a. An AEMC inductive ground resistance tester is not allowed.

2. The test results shall be 25 ohms or less. This system shall be augmented with additional grounding electrodes until met. A dynamic ground test is preferred over the above method to obtain the system's true surge impedance (Z) and may be substituted, but is not required.

3.18 U.L. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

A. Electrical Contractor shall provide a maintenance schedule per U.L. 96, U.L. 96A and NFPA 780. Maintenance schedule shall be provided to the CO.

4. PART 4 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

4.01 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

A. Measurement for the work of this section shall be measured and paid for on a lump sum all required basis, including full compensation for all labor, materials, equipment, testing, and incidentals necessary to complete the work as shown on the drawings and specified herein, including all wiring, bonding, trenching, bedding, backfill, testing, reporting, closeout documents, and all other incidentals necessary for a functional lightning protection system.

4.02 PAYMENT

A. Payment shall include all costs necessary to provide and install lightning protection and grounding systems as described in this section.

B. Payment will be made under:

PAY ITEM DESCRIPTION PAY UNIT

16675 - 1 Lightning Protection System Lump Sum

END OF SECTION 16675

May, 2011 Marys Peak Grounding and Lightning Protection 16800 – Page 1/5

SECTION 16800

GROUND CONNECTION SYSTEM

1. PART I - GENERAL GROUND CONNECTIONS

A. SCOPE

1. This specification establishes the material, design, marking and performance requirements of compression and exothermic ground connections used to make permanent ground connections for direct burial, embedment in concrete, or for above grade applications.

2. This specification also provides the requirements for mechanical connectors intended for bonding applications within the ground network.

3. Ground connections at grade or below grade can be made using exothermic or compression connections that meet the requirements of this specification.

1.02 GROUND CONNECTION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. All ground connections must be designed for fault-duty loading, and must have the fault capacity of the maximum sized conductor for which it is designed.

B. Ground connections shall be installed per the manufacturer’s recommendations and in compliance with the guidelines provided in this specification.

C. The appropriate ground connection technology (i.e. compression or exothermic) shall be utilized for the application.

D. Compression ground connections as specified herein are suitable for all grounding applications.

E. Exothermic ground connections are limited to applications…