AG-0489-S-10-0028_one-duck_sectionj.pdf

TRAIL LOG SECTION 1

Begin Sta End Sta Distance %Grade

(Average) 0+00 3+44 344 15 Gravel Trail 0 344 344 3+44 3+52 8 25 Log Steps 344 352 8 3+52 4+16 64 15 Gravel Trail 352 416 64 4+16 4+36 20 25 Log Steps 416 436 20 4+36 4+80 44 15 Gravel Trail 436 480 44 4+80 5+11 31 25 Log Steps 480 511 31 5+11 5+75 64 15 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 511 575 64 5+75 6+55 80 22 Log Steps 575 655 80 6+55 8+67 212 15 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 655 867 212 8+67 9+01 34 22 Gravel Trail 867 901 34 9+01 10+15 114 36 Log Steps 901 1015 114 10+15 10+91 76 20 Gravel Trail 1015 1091 76 10+91 11+06 15 1 15 ft Bridge 1091 1106 15 11+06 12+87 181 7 Gravel Trail 1106 1287 181 12+87 14+07 120 14 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 1287 1407 120 14+07 15+39 132 10 Turnpike Trail 1407 1539 132 15+39 15+54 15 10 15 ft Bridge 1539 1554 15 15+54 16+00 46 14 Turnpike trail 1554 1600 46 16+00 17+01 101 30 Existing stairs remove and replace with log steps 1600 1701 101 17+01 17+20 19 6 Step and Run Boardwalk 1701 1720 19 17+20 19+33 213 6 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 1720 1933 213 19+33 20+83 150 16 Turnpike Trail 1933 2083 150 20+83 23+34 251 20 Gravel trail 2083 2334 251 23+34 23+79 45 15 Turnpike Trail 2334 2379 45

TRAIL LOG SECTION 2

Begin Sta End Sta Distance %Grade

(Average) 23+79 23+97 18 16 Gravel Trail 2379 2397 18 23+97 24+17 20 16 Step and Run Boardwalk 2397 2417 20 24+17 24+74 57 16 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 2417 2474 57 24+74 24+91 17 16 Step and Run Boardwalk 2474 2491 17 24+91 25+91 100 20 Log Steps 2491 2591 100 25+91 26+74 83 16 Step and Run Boardwalk 2591 2674 83

26+74 27+59 85 18 Gravel Trail 2674 2759 85 27+59 27+99 40 20 Turnpike trail 2759 2799 40 27+99 28+65 66 35 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 2799 2865 66 28+65 28+87 22 16 Turnpike trail 2865 2887 22 28+87 35+12 625 15 Gravel Trail 2887 3512 625 35+12 35+36 24 25 Step and Run Boardwalk 3512 3536 24 35+36 35+96 60 24 Gravel Trail 3536 3596 60 35+96 36+11 15 2 15' Bridge 3596 3611 15 36+11 39+24 313 25 Gravel Trail 3611 3924 313 39+24 39+45 21 2 15' Bridge or Boardwalk 3924 3945 21 39+45 39+65 20 10 Gravel Trail 3945 3965 20 39+65 39+74 9 2 15' Bridge or Boardwalk 3965 3974 9 39+74 43+26 352 20 Gravel Trail 3974 4326 352 43+26 43+71 45 30 Turnpike trail 4326 4371 45

TRAIL LOG SECTION 3

Begin Sta End Sta Distance %Grade

(Average) 43+71 45+04 133 20 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 4371 4504 133 45+04 45+21 17 20 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with turnpike trail 4504 4521 17 45+21 47+40 219 30 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 4521 4740 219 47+40 47+73 33 20 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 4740 4773 33 47+73 48+36 63 20 Gravel Trail 4773 4836 63 48+36 49+27 91 20 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 4836 4927 91 49+27 49+38 11 25 Step and Run Boardwalk 4927 4938 11 49+38 50+26 88 42 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 4938 5026 88 50+26 50+78 52 20 Gravel Trail 5026 5078 52 50+78 52+17 139 42 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 5078 5217 139 52+17 54+65 248 20 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with turnpike trail 5217 5465 248 54+65 56+87 222 35 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 5465 5687 222 56+87 57+19 32 20 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with turnpike trail 5687 5719 32

Section 1

0+00 3+44 Gravel Trail

Combine gravel Trail and log steps so that anything over 15 degrees receives steps as needed

Bull rail is recommended at least on the down hill side to keep gravel from sloughing

3+44 3+52 Log Steps 3+52 4+16 Gravel Trail 4+16 4+36 Log Steps 4+36 4+80 Gravel Trail 4+80 5+11 Log Steps 5+11 5+75 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 5+75 6+55 Log Steps 6+55 8+67 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 8+67 9+01 Gravel Trail 9+01 1+015 Log Steps 1+015 1+091 Gravel Trail 1+091 1+101 15 ft Bridge 1+101 1+287 Gravel Trail 1+287 1+407 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 1+407 1+539 Turnpike Trail 1+539 1+554 15 ft Bridge 1+554 1+600 Turnpike trail 1+600 1+701 Existing stairs remove and replace with log steps

1+701 1+1720 Boardwalk step and run

Gravel would be washed away. Bridge is probably too large. Use boardwalk/step+run

1+720 1+933 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail

Ditching and culverts needed because water runs down trail in this section

1+933 2+083 Turnpike Trail 2+083 2+334 Gravel trail 2+334 2+379 Turnpike Trail Muddy Cookies Section

Section 2 2+379 2+397 Gravel Trail

2+397 2+417 Boardwalk step and run gravel would be washed away. Bridge is probably too large. Use boardwalk/step+run

Not made from local materials

2+417 2+474 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 2+474 2+491 Boardwalk step and run 2+491 2+591 Log Steps 2+591 2+674 Boardwalk step and run 2+674 2+759 Gravel Trail 2+759 2+799 Turnpike trail 2+799 2+865 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 2+865 2+887 Turnpike trail 2+887 3+512 Gravel Trail 3+512 3+536 Boardwalk step and run 3+536 3+596 Gravel Trail 3+596 3+611 15' Bridge 3+611 3+924 Gravel Trail 3+924 3+945 15' Bridge or Boardwalk 3+945 3+965 Gravel Trail 3+965 3+974 15' Bridge or Boardwalk 3+874 4+326 Gravel Trail 4+326 4+371 Turnpike trail

Section 3 4+371 4+504 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 4+504 4+521 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with turnpike trail 4+521 4+740 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 4+740 4+773 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 4+773 4+836 Gravel Trail 4+836 4+927 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with gravel trail 4+927 4+938 Boardwak step and run 4+938 5+026 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 5+026 5+078 Gravel Trail 5+078 5+217 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace

5+217 5+465 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with turnpike trail 5+465 5+687 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with log steps w/ log brace 5+687 5+719 Existing boardwalk remove and replace with turnpike trail

Section 1 Station Diameter Length

3+21 18" 6' 3+75 18" 6' 3+88 18" 6' 4+82 18" 6' 5+08 18" 6' 5+69 18" 6' 6+11 18" 6' 9+66 18" 6' 1418 18 10' diagonal

13+29 18" 6' 14+49 18" 6' 15+89 18" 6' 16+00 18" 6' 17+28 18" 6' 17+38 18" 6' 19+09 18" 6' 19+26 18" 6'

Section 2 Station Diameter Length

22+91 18" 6' 23+16 18" 6' 23+59 18" 6' 23+80 18" 6' 24+09 18" 6' 24+94 18" 6' with ditching 25+25 18" 6' 25+46 18" 6' 25+94 18" 6' 31+12 18" 6' 31+59 18" 6' 31+79 18" 6' 33+31 18" 6' 35+87 18" 6' 37+09 18" 6' 38+17 18" 6' 41+26 18" 6' 42+48 18" 6' 42+55 18" 6' 42+80 18" 6' 42+86 18" 6' 43+05 18" 6' 43+12 18" 6' 43+32 18" 6' 43+44 18" 6'

Section 2 Station Diameter Length

44+78 18" 6' 47+04 18" 6'

47+37 18" 6' 47+60 18" 6' 48+09 18" 6' 48+25 18" 6' 48+81 18" 6' 49+64 18" 6' 50+08 18" 6' 51+41 18" 6' 51+78 18" 6' 52+30 18" 6' 53+70 18" 6' 55+67 18" 6' 56+11 18" 6' 56+45 18" 6' 56+90 18" 6' 57+02 18" 6' 57+10 18" 6'

Section 901—Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Terms

901.01 Terms, Organizations, and Standards

(a) Specification Terms. These specifications are generally written in the imperative mood. In sentences using the imperative mood, the subject “the Contractor,” is implied. Also implied in this language is “shall,” “shall be,” or similar words or phrases. In material specifications, the subject may also be the supplier, fabricator, or manufacturer supplying material, products, or equipment for use on the project.

Wherever “directed,” “required,” “prescribed,” or similar words are used, the “direction,” “requirement,” or “order” of the CO is intended. Similarly, wherever “approved”, “acceptable”,” suitable”, “satisfactory”, or similar words are used, they mean “approved by,” “acceptable to,” or “satisfactory to” the CO.

The word “will” generally pertains to decisions or actions of the CO.

Whenever in these specifications, or in other contract documents, the following terms (or pronouns in place of them) are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: reference to a specific standard, test, testing method, or specification shall mean the latest published edition or amendment that is in effect at the solicitation issue date for the public works contracts.

(b) Abbreviations and Acronyms AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene APA American Plywood Association AQ Actual Quantities ASTM American Society for Testing and Material AWPA American Wood Preservers Association CL Centerline CO Contracting Officer DQ Design Quantities EA Each HDPE High-Density-Polyethylene ft Feet hr Hour in Inches lb Pounds LF Linear Feet LS Lump Sum LSQ Lump Sum Quantities NBS National Bureau of Standards PE Polyethylene PS Product Standard issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce psi Pounds per square inch PVC Polyvinyl chloride Sq-ft Square feet WCLIB West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau WWPA Western Wood Products Association

Section 902—Definitions

When the following terms, or pronouns in place of them, are used in these specifications or in other contract documents, the intent and meaning are as follows:

Base Course. The layer or layers of specified material of designed thickness placed on a trailbed to support surfacing.

Berm. The ridge of material formed on the outer edge of the trail that projects higher than the tread.

Borrow. Suitable materials taken from approved sources designated on the drawings or on the ground, to be used for embankments and backfilling.

Bridge. A structure, including supports, erected over a depression or stream, and having a deck to carry traffic.

Catch Point. The outer limits of a trailway where the excavation and/or embankment intersect with the ground line.

Clearing Limit. The area over and beside the trail that is cleared of trees, limbs, and other obstructions.

Compacted. Consolidation that is obtained by tamping or rolling suitable material until no noticeable displacement of material is observed.

Contracting Officer (CO). An official of the Government with the authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. The term includes certain authorized representatives of the CO acting within the limits of their authority as delegated by the CO.

Culvert. A drainage structure composed of rock, metal, or wood that is placed approximately perpendicular to and under the trailway.

Danger Tree. An unstable tree 5 inches or greater in diameter at breast height that is likely to fall across the trail.

Designated on the Ground. The location of materials, work areas, and construction items, including lines and grades, marked on the ground with stakes, flagging, tags, or paint.

Drawings. Documents showing details for construction of a facility, including but not limited to straight-line diagrams, trail logs, standard drawings, construction logs, plan and profile sheets, cross-sections, diagrams, layouts, schematics, descriptive literature, and similar materials.

Duff. Organic material overlying rock or mineral soil.

Embankment. A structure of suitable material placed on the prepared ground surface and constructed to the trailbed elevation.

Excess Excavation. Material in the trailway in excess of that needed for construction of designed trailways.

Full Bench. Trailbed constructed entirely on undisturbed material.

Grade. The vertical distance of ascent or descent of the trail expressed as a percentage of the horizontal distance.

Inslope. Where the trail tread is sloped downward toward the backslope.

Mineral Soil. Soil or aggregate that is free from organic substances and contains no particles larger than 2 inches at their greatest dimension.

Outslope. Where the trail tread is sloped downward toward the embankment or daylight side of the trailway.

Sideslope. The natural slope of the ground, usually expressed as a percentage.

Slough. That material from the backslope or the area of the backslope that has raveled onto the trailbed.

Slump. Where the trailbed material has moved downward, causing a dip in the trail grade.

Special Project Specification. Specifications that detail the conditions and requirements peculiar to an individual project, including additions and revisions to the standard specifications.

Surfacing. Material placed on top of the trailbed that provides the desired tread.

Suitable Material. Rock that can be accommodated in the trail structure, and soil free of duff with a recognizable granular texture.

Switchback. A reverse in direction of trail grade with a level landing used to change elevation on a steep slope, usually involving special treatment of the approaches, barriers, and drainages.

Trailbed. The finished surface on which base course or surfacing may be constructed. For trails without surfacing the trailbed is the tread.

Trailway. The portion of the trail within the limits of the excavation and embankment.

Tread. The surface portion of the trail upon which traffic moves.

Turnout. A short section of extra trail width to provide for passage of trail users.

Waterbar. A structure used for turning water off the trail, usually made of logs or stones.

Water Courses. Any natural or constructed channel where water naturally flows or will collect and flow during spring runoff, rainstorms, etc.

Section 903—Intent of Contract

903.01 Intent. The intent is to provide for the completion of the project described in the contract. Furnish all labor, materials, equipment, tools, transportation, utilities, and supplies, and perform all work required to complete the project in accordance with drawings, specifications, and provisions of the contract.

Section 904—Maintenance for Traffic

904.01 General. Keep existing trails that are undergoing improvements open and maintained in such a condition as to safely accommodate traffic. Provide and maintain temporary detours, approaches, or crossings in a safe and passable condition; restore to natural condition after use.

Before any suspension of work, take precautions necessary to prevent damage to the project, such as temporary detours, approaches, crossings, or intersections, and make provisions for normal drainage and to minimize erosion. Leave all trailways in a condition suitable for traffic unless otherwise specified.

The existing One Duck Lake Trail will remain open to the public during construction activities except during helicopter operations over the trail or while construction hazards are present. During these times, provide a “Trail Closed” sign and barriers at the trailhead.

Install warning signs and provide verbal warnings to hikers alerting of hazards resulting from construction activities.

Section 905—Control of Materials

905.01 Handling Materials. Transport and handle all materials to preserve their quality and fitness for the work. Stockpile, load, and transport aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination.

Store materials to assure the preservation of their quality and fitness for the work. Locate stored materials to facilitate their prompt inspection. Arrangements for storage on other than designated sites are the responsibility of the contractor.

Section 906—Measurement and Payment

906.01 General. Measurement and payment for contract work will be made only for and under those pay items included in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS. All other work and materials will be considered incidental and included in the payment of the PAY ITEMS in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

When more than one class, size, or thickness is specified in the SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for any PAY ITEM, suffixes will be added to the item number to differentiate between the items.

906.02 Determination of Quantities. The following measurements and calculations are to be used to determine contract quantities for payment:

Make measurements for trail and bridges along the centerline and parallel to the grade.

906.03 Units of Measurement. Payment will be made by units defined and determined according to standard measure and by the following:

(1) Lump Sum (LS). The quantities that denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

(2) Linear Feet (LF). Measure from end to end, parallel to the grade of the trail or bridge.

906.04 Methods of Measurement. One of the following methods of measurement for determining final payment is DESIGNATED ON THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS for each PAY ITEM:

(a) Actual Quantities (AQ). These quantities are determined from measurements of completed work.

(b) Lump Sum Quantities (LSQ). These quantities denote one complete unit of work as required by or described in the contract, including necessary materials, equipment, and labor to complete the job.

(c) Government Furnished Materials. When materials are furnished by the Forest Service, the note “Government-Furnished Materials” will be added to the description of the PAY ITEM.

Section 907—Quality Assurance and Quantity Measurement

Description

907.01 Work. Work consists of providing certification that the quality and quantity of construction conform to the drawings, specifications, and requirements of the contract.

Construction

907.02 Certification and Measurements

(a) Offsite-Produced Materials. Furnish signed certificates executed by the manufacturer, supplier, or vendor, stipulating that all offsite-produced materials incorporated in the work meet applicable requirements SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or stated in the specifications. Furnish a certificate for each commodity or invoice.

(b) Quantity Measurements. Submit quantities to the CO for periodic progress payments, and the CO will compute payments. Quantities are subject to verification.

Measurement

907.03 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

Payment

907.04 Basis. Payment will be considered incidental to other pay items in this contract.

Section 911—Clearing and Grubbing

911.01 Work. Work consists of clearing, grubbing, trimming, removing, and treating trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits. Work includes the felling and treatment of designated trees outside the clearing limits. Also included are the protection from injury or defacement of trees and other objects not designated for removal and the treatment of damaged trees.

911.02 Clearing Limits. Clear brush and trees designated to be removed to clearing limits SHOWN ON

THE DRAWINGS.

911.03 Material to Be Cleared. Remove and dispose of trees, logs, limbs, branches, brush, herbaceous plants, and other vegetation within the clearing limits, except for the following:

(a) Live, sound, and firmly rooted trees of the size SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

(b) Live brush, herbaceous plants, and trees between the trailway and the clearing limits that are less than 12 inches in height and less than ½ inch diameter at ground line.

Except as provided above, cut all limbs and branches more than 1/2 inch in diameter that extend into the vertical and horizontal clearing limits AS SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Cut tree limbs flush with the outside of the branch collar and cut brush at the ground surface.

Fall and limb designated trees.

911.04 Damaged Trees. When felling, cutting, or trimming, do not cause bark damage to standing timber.

If damage does occur to standing trees, treat the injured trees in an approved manner. Remove and dispose of trees with major roots exposed by construction that are rendered unstable.

911.05 Removal of Stumps. Remove all stumps within the trailbed. Remove stumps located between the edge of the trailbed and the edge of the trailway that cannot be cut flush with the finished slope or that are not tightly rooted.

911.06 Disposal of Clearing Slash, Logs, Stumps, Brush, and Roots. Limb all felled trees to a 4 inch diameter top, including designated trees outside the clearing limits.

Do not place clearing slash, logs, stumps, brush, or roots in concentrated piles. Scatter all logs, limbs, lopped tops, brush, and grubbed stumps and roots below the trailway and outside the clearing limits, with the following exceptions:

(a) Where the sideslope above the trail is less than 10 percent, material may be scattered above the trail.

(b) Logs may be left on the uphill side of the trail if they are placed so that they will not move into the clearing limits.

Do not place clearing and grubbing debris in water courses, snow ponds, lakes, meadows, or in locations where it could impede the flows to, through, or from drainage structures.

911.07 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

911.08 Basis. Clearing and Grubbing will be considered incidental to the pay item under which the work is being done, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 912—Excavation and Embankment

912.01 Work. Work consists of the excavation and placement of excavated material, regardless of its nature, from within the trailway or from other sources, except for material included under other pay items

SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Includes excavation, embankment, and backfill construction required to shape and finish the trailbed, ditches, backslopes, and fill slopes. Also includes excavation and embankment work required to construct logs steps and bridges.

Materials

912.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

961 – Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 962 – Material for Timber Structures 964 - Geosynthetics

912.03 Use and Disposal of Excavated Material. Conserve and use all suitable material for specified work. Conserve excess excavated rock suitable for specified project work and use in place of materials from designated sources. Conserve and use soil and herbaceous vegetation and moss removed during excavation to revegetate excavated areas to provide a neat appearance and to control erosion.

Remove all duff and debris from within trailway limits and uniformly spread outside the clearing limits, not more than 4 inches in depth (unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS). Do not obstruct drainage or create piles, berms, or windrows of debris.

Place excess and unsuitable excavation beyond the downslope edge of the trailbed, except in locations where the material would be placed within 5 feet of a stream or in staked locations where it is desirable not to impact the native vegetation; in these locations place in approved locations. Do not obstruct drainage and spread to a depth not exceeding 4 inches. This includes any material removed in the grubbing operation and deposited in the same area.

Place rocks over 4 inches in greatest dimension not used in construction beyond the hinge point on the downslope side. Place rocks so that the tops are at least 6 inches lower than the trailbed surface. Ensure that no blockage of drainage or creation of a windrow effect occurs.

912.04 Trailway Excavation and Embankment. Minor deviations of ±12 inches in vertical alignment and 3 feet in horizontal alignment with smooth transitions of at least 50 feet on each side of the deviation are acceptable unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Construct embankments with suitable compacted material. Compact all disturbed soil within the trailbed area.

Remove any rock within or above the backslopes that is unstable. Use or dispose of rock in accordance with Subsection 912.03.

Leave the finished slope in a uniform and roughened condition.

Make necessary adjustments of horizontal or vertical alignment, within the tolerances specified in this subsection, to produce the designed trailway section and balance earthwork. Such adjustments shall not be considered as changes.

912.05 Trail Finish. Fill holes in trailbed with suitable material, compact and cut high points to provide a uniform trailbed finish. Construct trail so cut and fill slopes are less than the angle of repose. Trim exposed roots flush with the finished cut slope.

912.06 Ditches. Construct ditches to be free of loose rocks, roots, sticks, and other obstructions.

912.07 Geosynthetics. Where SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, place geosynthetics flat and parallel to centerline of the trail before placing embankment. Overlap geosynthetics a minimum of 24 inches. Install anchors or fasteners as recommended by the geosynthetic manufacturer.

912.08 Method. There will be no separate measurement for this item.

912.09 Basis. Excavation and embankment will be considered incidental to the pay item under which the work is being done, and additional payment will not be made.

Section 913—Turnpike

913.01 Work. Work consists of constructing turnpike sections, including excavation, embankment, retainers, geosynthetics, backfill, and drainage features.

913.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

961 – Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate

913.03 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with Section 912.

913.04 Retainers. Place log retainers in a continuous row along each shoulder of the turnpike section as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Bed the parallel retainers so they are stable and at approximately the same top elevation. When retainers are constructed of logs or sawn timber use lengths greater than or equal to 10 feet.

913.05 Geosynthetics. Where SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, place geosynthetics flat and parallel to centerline of the trail before placing embankment. Overlap geosynthetics a minimum of 24 inches. Install anchors or fasteners as recommended by the geosynthetic manufacturer.

913.06 Backfill. Backfill and compact crushed aggregate in accordance with Section 941.

913.07 Drainage. Construct side ditches, cross-drainage, and culverts at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS and/or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Provide leadoff ditches from side ditches on the lower side of trail at points DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND or SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

913.08 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

913.09 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make Payment under:

PAY ITEM

PAY UNIT

913(01) Turnpike Trail .................................................................. LF

Section 916—Removal of Structures and Obstructions

916.01 Work. Work consists of removal and disposal of existing structures, including turnpikes, walkways, bridges, culverts, signs and posts, and other material within the trailway, above or below ground. Work also includes salvaging DESIGNATED materials and backfilling the resulting trenches, holes, and pits.

916.02 Removal of Culverts and Bridges. Remove existing culverts within embankment areas at locations

SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Remove existing structures down to the natural stream bottom, and remove parts outside the water course to at least 12 inches below natural ground surface or finish ground surface, whichever is lower. Where portions of an existing structure lie wholly, or in part, within the limits of a new structure, remove parts to accommodate the installation of the proposed structure.

916.03 Signs and Posts. Remove signs, posts, and associated hardware at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Backfill post hole, compact, and contour area to match existing ground.

916.04 Removal of Other Obstructions. Remove other obstructions at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

916.05 Disposal. Dispose of native log and rock material and untreated lumber by scattering below the trailway, outside clearing limits, and out of sight from the trail. Do not place debris in water courses, snow ponds, lakes, meadows, or locations where it could impede the flow to, through, or from the drainage structures. Dispose of metal, treated timber, and other manufactured products by removing from Government-administered lands and placing in approved waste disposal sites.

916.06 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

916.07 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make Payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

916(01) Removal of Existing Structures ..................................... LSQ

Section 921—Culverts

921.01 Work. Work consists of furnishing and installing culverts, including excavation and backfill, selecting and hauling of log and rock materials, and constructing catch basins and headwalls.

921.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections.

961 – Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 962 – Material for Timber Structures 963 – Drainage Pipe

921.03 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with Section 912.

921.04 Placement. Place culverts to provide for unobstructed inlet and outlet flow. Remove logs, debris, soil, rock, and other obstructions above and below the culvert that would impede flow into the culvert or away from the trailway. Minimize disturbance to streambeds.

Construct a catch basin to facilitate flow from trail ditches into the culvert.

921.05 Pipe Culverts. Install pipe culverts at the locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or as

DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND.

(a) Placing. Skew ditch relief culverts as staked to provide a downgrade equal to or greater than the uphill ditch. Place culverts at stream crossings in the natural streambed on stream grade.

(b) Bedding. Excavate and remove all unsuitable material and rocks over 3 inches to a minimum depth of 6 inches below the pipe invert and to a minimum width of 1.5 pipe diameters. Bed pipe with compacted suitable material free of rocks larger than 3 inches and in a stable foundation of undisturbed or compacted soil. Make the bed shaped to fit the lower quadrant of the pipe exterior and provide uniform continuous support along the entire length of the pipe.

921.06 Backfilling Culverts. Backfill and compact around culverts with suitable material that is free of rocks over 3 inches. Provide for the cover height as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

921.07 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

921.08 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

921(01) 18 inch diameter Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe ............. EA

Section 931—Log Structures

931.01 Work. This work consists of constructing log steps, including log braces, excavation, backfill, and approach fills as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

931.02 Requirements. The location of trees for native timber materials will be DESIGNATED ON THE

GROUND.

961 – Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate

931.03 General. Construct log steps at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Predrill holes for fasteners when necessary to prevent splitting and drive spikes flush. Use washers with lag screws and bolts.

931.04 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with Section 912.

931.05 Log Steps. Install log steps AS SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Anchor log with two steel drift pins or round timber stakes that penetrate a minimum 24 inches into the ground. Fill behind each log step with aggregate surfacing. Fasten each log step to each log brace with drift pins AS SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS.

931.06 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906

931.07 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make Payment under:

PAY ITEM PAY UNIT

931(01) Log Steps ........................................................................ LF

931(02) Log Steps w/ Log Brace .................................................. LF

931(03) Single Log Step ............................................................... EA

Section 937—Timber Structures

937.01 Work. This work consists of constructing timber bridges and step and run boardwalk, including mud sills, posts, bulkheads, rails, curbs, decking, excavation, backfill, and approach fills as SHOWN ON THE

DRAWINGS.

937.02 Requirements.

961 – Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate

937.03 General. Construct timber bridges and step and run boardwalk at locations SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or DESIGNATED ON THE GROUND. Predrill holes for fasteners when necessary to prevent splitting and drive spikes flush. Use washers with lag screws and bolts.

937.04 Excavation and Embankment. Perform excavation and embankment in accordance with Section 912.

937.05 Workmanship. Cut and form all lumber and construction timbers so all joints will have even bearing over the entire contact surface. Do not use shims in makings joints. Construct all joints to be closed. Drive nails and spikes to set the heads flush with the wood surface. Use the same end, face, and edge of the timber member for all layout dimensions. Bore all holes from mating faces.

937.06 Holes for Bolts, Dowels, Rods & Lag Screws. Pre-drill all holes. Bore holes for round drift bolts and dowels 1/8 inch smaller in diameter than that of the bolt or dowel to be used. Ensure that the diameter of holes for square drift bolts or dowels is equal to the side dimension of the bolt or dowel.

Bore holes for machine bolts with a bit 1/16 inch larger than the diameter, except when galvanized bolts are specified. In this case, drill all holes 1/8 inch greater than the bolt size. Drill the depth of lag screw bolt holes one inch less than the length of the screw head and with a diameter approximately 75 percent of the shank diameter.

937.07 Hardware. Furnish the hardware as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, as specified below.

(a) Bolts & Washers. Final tighten all nuts to provide proper bearing, and cut off excess bolt lengths of more than one inch. After final tightening, check or burr all bolts effectively with a pointing tool to prevent loosening of the nuts.

Use malleable iron washers with a diameter approximately four times the bolt diameter under all bolt heads or nuts in contact with wood, unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

(b) Galvanizing. Unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, ensure that all hardware for timber structures is galvanized. Ensure that all fasteners, including nails, spikes, bolts, washers, and timber connectors, other than malleable iron, are galvanized.

937.08 Mud Sills. Construct mud sills at each end of the span in the location staked on the ground.

Construct mud sills to be level, bedded evenly, and buried to the depth necessary for the bottom of the bridge superstructure to clear the ground surface by a minimum of 6 inches.

Hew sill logs to provide a bearing surface for the bridge superstructure and to provide the bridge superstrucure with a level top surface. Do not hew sill logs more than one-third their diameter. Do not level the top surfaces of the log stringers by shimming or notching their ends.

Anchor each mud sill with drift pins that penetrate a minimum 24 inches into the ground. Anchor each crib log with drift pins that penetrate a minimum ½ the lower log diameter.

937.09 Handrails. Construct rails with dimensional lumber as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS and use lengths equal to or greater than 5 feet.

Splice rails with a 6 inch half-lap joint at a post location. Counterbore lag screws in rails so that heads are flush with the surface.

Finish handrails and posts smooth and free from splinters and sharp projections.

937.10 Measurement. Measure quantities in accordance with Section 906.

937.11 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make payment under:

937(01) Nail Laminated Trail Bridge............................................. LF

937(02) Step and Run Boardwalk ................................................ LF

Section 941—Aggregate Surfacing

941.01 Work. This work consists of preparing the trailbed and furnishing, hauling, watering, placing, and compacting crushed aggregate surfacing and base course; furnishing and installing retainer logs; and geosynthetics.

941.02 Requirements. Use materials meeting the requirements of the following sections:

961 – Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate 962 – Material for Timber Structures 964 – Geosynthetics

Produce aggregate by pit run, screening, or crushing. Obtain materials from sources SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS or other sources approved by the CO in writing.

941.03 Handling Materials. Stockpile, remove, transport, and spread aggregates in a manner that will preserve specified gradation and avoid contamination. Do not intermingle stockpiles of aggregate having different gradations.

941.04 Sampling Aggregate. Submit test results and a Certificate of Compliance verifying that aggregate gradation meets contract requirements.

Sample the material before incorporation into the work as follows:

(a) for onsite-produced materials at crushing or screening plants, after additions of any necessary blending material.

(b) for commercially produced aggregates, at the producer’s plant or stockpile.

The sampling will not be considered a final acceptance and will not preclude later sampling and testing after final processing of the material. Such sampling does not relieve the contractor of responsibility of providing quality control measures to ensure compliance with contract requirements.

941.05 Preparation of Subgrade. Prepare and finish trailbed as required under Section 912. Obtain written approval of the CO before placing aggregate.

941.06 Spreading and Compacting. Use aggregate that is uniformly mixed at optimum moisture content and spread and compact in layers to the final thickness and width SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. The maximum thickness of any one layer shall be 3 inches. Obtain compaction by one of the following methods as SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS:

(a) by hand, using nonmechanized compaction tools over the full area of each layer until visual displacement ceases;

(b) by mechanical vibratory compactors over the full area of each layer until visual displacement ceases, but not fewer than three complete passes;

(c) by using a roller or mechanical hand tamper until the density is at least 90 percent of the maximum density, as determined by AASHTO T99, Method C or D.

Immediately following final spreading, smoothing, and compacting, correct any irregularities or depressions that develop by adding or removing material until the surface is smooth, uniform, and compacted.

941.07 Acceptance, Testing, Sampling, and Tolerances. Do not vary the total compacted thickness of the aggregate by more or less than one-half inch from the specified thickness or place it consistently below or above the specified depth.

Do not vary the aggregate width by more than ± 3 inches from the specified width or place it consistently narrower or wider than the specified width.

941.08. Log Retainers. Bed retainer logs along their entire length as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

941.09 Method. Measure the quantities in accordance with Section 906.

941.10 Basis. Pay for the accepted quantities in accordance with Section 906 at the contract unit price for each PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Log Retainers are considered incidental to Gravel Trail construction.

941(01) Gravel Trail ..................................................................... LF

Section 951—Mobilization

951.01 Work. This work consists of moving personnel, equipment, material and incidentals to the project and performing all work necessary before beginning work at the project site. Mobilization includes the costs associated with obtaining permits, insurance, and bonds. Mobilization is not intended to pay for the costs of materials before they are used on the project site.

951.02 Basis. Pay for the accepted work at the contract unit price for the PAY ITEM SHOWN IN THE

SCHEDULE OF ITEMS.

Make progress payments for mobilization as follows:

(a) Reimburse for bond premiums before issuing the Notice to Proceed if evidence of payment is received.

(b) When 5 percent or more of the original contract amount is earned from other PAY ITEMS, pay mobilization at the rate of 50 percent, or up to 5 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less.

(c) When 10 percent or more of the original contract amount is earned from other PAY ITEMS, pay mobilization at the rate of 100 percent, or up to 10 percent of the original contract amount, whichever is less.

(d) Pay any unpaid amount for mobilization upon final acceptance of all work items.

Make payment under:

951(01) Mobilization .................................................................... LS

Section 961—Rock, Grid Pavement Units, and Aggregate

961.01 Rock. Use sound, durable rock free of rifts, seams, laminations, and minerals that could deteriorate as a result of weathering. Dress rock to remove thin or weak portions before use.

Furnish rock of the size, shape, weight, and face area necessary to produce the general characteristics and appearance SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

961.02 Crushed Aggregate for Base and Crushed Aggregate Surfacing. Use crushed aggregate meeting the requirements of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, latest Edition, Section 703, Table 703-2:

• Gradation C-1 for Base Course

• Gradation D-1 for Crushed Aggregate Surfacing.

Section 962—Material for Timber Structures

962.01 Native Timber. Select trees for log steps, retainer logs, and stakes from designated sites on Government-adminstered land in the project area. Select sizes of materials as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Select timber that is straight, sound, and free of defects. Obtain CO approval of logs and trees before felling or moving them to the site. Fell trees to prevent damage to standing timber and to minimize breakage of trees to be used. Buck logs from felled trees in such a way to minimize waste and to obtain the required length and diameter.

Peel logs, square the ends, and trim the knots and limbs flush unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS. Scatter the debris from the processing of timber away from the trail and so it will not block the trail or plug water courses.

962.02 Structural and Dimensional Lumber. Use Alaska Yellow Cedar, grade No. 2 unless otherwise SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS, meeting the grading requirements of the Western Wood Products Association (WWPA) for bridges and boardwalk.

962.03 Hardware. Use drift pins and dowels meeting the requirements of the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) A307 and galvanized hardware meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 232.

Use nails of standard form or as SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS.

Section 963—Drainage Pipe

963.01 General. Use pipe, coupling bands, and special sections such as elbows, tees, and wyes made of the same material and of the same thickness as the conduit to which they are joined, unless otherwise specified.

963.02 Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe. Use corrugated PE pipe and connections meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 294.

Section 964—Geosynthetics

964.01 Geotextiles.

(a) Use geotextiles, alone or in combination with other geosynthetics, that meet the following Class B requirements for subsurface drainage as specified in AASHTO M288.

(1) Grab Strength at 50 percent elongation, ASTM D4632-90 ................................. 80 lb

(2) Seam Strength, ASTM D 4632 ..................................... 70 lb

(3) Puncture Strength, ASTM D 4833-88 ................................ 25 lb

(4) Mullen Burst, ASTM D 3786-87 ................................ 130 psi

(5) Trap Tear Strength, ASTM D 4533-91 ................................ 50 lb

(b) Use geotextile meeting the following critical physical properties, unless otherwise SHOWN

ON THE DRAWINGS.

(1) Material Structure ............................... Nonwoven (all purpose) or Slit Film (for reinforcement or separation)

(2) Polymer Composition ......................... Polypropylene

(3) Apparent Opening, ASTM D 4751-87 ................................ 1/64 inch

(4) Permittivity, ASTM D 4491-92 ................................ 11,500 gallons/minute/sq-ft (min)

(5) Ultraviolet Degradation ....................... 70 at 150 hours

964.02 Fasteners. Use anchors or fasteners of the design recommended by the manufacturer, and install per manufacturer’s specifications.

964.03 Certification. Furnish a certificate or affidavit signed by an official from the company manufacturing the geosynthetic, verifying that the geosynthetic meets specifications.

964.04 Delivery, Storage, and Handling. During shipment and storage, wrap all geosynthetics to protect them from sunlight. When storing geosynthetics, protect them from mud, soil, dust, and debris. If materials are not installed immediately after delivery to site, do not store them in direct sunlight.