A04_SOW.pdf

S C O P E O F W O R K

ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY

KEWEENAW NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR – NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

PMIS PROJECT NUMBER # 319476

I. Introduction

The National Park Service (NPS), through the Midwest Regional Office (MWRO), requires the performance of research and writing of an Administrative History for Keweenaw National Historical Park, Michigan. The history will help complete basic historical documentation of the park’s history and resources as developed and managed by the National Park Service. The information contained in the Administrative History is essential for present and future interpretation and resource management.

This Administrative History is a comprehensive synthesis of primary and secondary source material that is pertinent specifically to Keweenaw National Historical Park. The study shall conform to professional standards regarding methodology of historical research and writing.

Stylistic, bibliographical, and report production standards shall conform to the current edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. The study will include an oral history project whereby 16 (sixteen) current and former NPS employees and others important to the history of this park unit will be interviewed in person, digitally recorded, and transcriptions prepared.

Keweenaw National Historical Park is located in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and headquartered in the community of Calumet.

The Administrative History, including enumerated appendices, graphics, and index shall be completed within twenty-four months from the date of contract award.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE RESOURCES1

[Drawn from the park’s Foundation Document]: Keweenaw National Historical Park was established by Public Law 102-543 in 1992 to preserve and interpret the natural and cultural history and prehistory of the region’s copper mining industry. It is on Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula, which extends north from the Upper Peninsula about 100 miles into Lake Superior, and averages about 25 miles in width. The region once held vast deposits of nearly pure, elemental copper, and is the site of the first metal mining in the western hemisphere. In the 19th century, dozens of mines and their associated communities were created to extract and process the metal. The area is often referred to as “Copper Country” because of its rich mineral deposits and long history of copper mining. Copper Country stretches from the western reaches of Ontonagon County to the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula east of Copper Harbor, and includes Isle Royale, which is part of the same copper-rich geological formation as the Keweenaw.

1 From the discussion of park resources to the section on related resources, this information is a direction quotation from Foundation Document, Keweenaw National Historical Park, Michigan. Omaha, Nebraska: U.S.

Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Midwest Region, 2017.

Partnerships are an integral part of Keweenaw National Historical Park’s operations. The National Park Service owns only 8% of the land and less than 0.5% of the historic structures inside park boundaries, which encompass approximately 1800 acres. The National Park Service leverages its resources by working with partners to fulfill its mission, including the park’s legislated partner, the Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission. Other formal partners include 21 Keweenaw Heritage Site organizations that operate multiple Keweenaw Heritage Site locations, described below. Local governments and other organizations also work closely with the park and its partners to fulfill and support the park’s mission.

Along its spine, near the center of the peninsula, are the two units of Keweenaw National Historical Park, the Quincy Unit and the Calumet Unit. Evidence of the copper industry is prominent in these units as well as in several other mining locations and communities on the peninsula outside the park (many of which are home to Keweenaw Heritage Sites). The Quincy unit, with about 1,120 acres, is northeast of the community of Hancock and adjacent to Portage Lake. It includes remnant structures and mine shafts of the Quincy Mining Company and its associated historic landscape. The company’s mining operations stretched along the hill above Portage Lake and the city of Hancock, while its stamp mills and smelter were located along the Torch Lake shoreline and Portage Lake waterfront.

The Quincy Mining Company was founded in 1846 to mine native (elemental) copper deposits on property near Hancock, Michigan. Over the course of the next 100 years, the company produced 1.5 billion pounds of copper and issued millions in shareholder dividends. Its ability to consistently produce copper and stock dividends earned the company the nickname “Old Reliable.” The Quincy Mining Company represents an outstanding example of the growth and development of the U.S. copper industry from its earliest years through 1920. Numerous mining ventures in the historic copper mining district broke ground in the 1840s only to fail, but the Quincy Mine survived to become one of the oldest, most productive copper mines in the nation.

It was the first company to recognize the limits of fissure mining and shift to amygdaloidal lodes, which, with the conglomerate lodes, were the low mineral content rock on which the future of the Keweenaw’s copper mining companies would depend.

The Quincy unit contains seven mine shafts, their associated industrial surface works, and several company housing locations. There are also company administrative buildings, service buildings, and managers’ residences. Two significant structures are the No. 2 Shaft-Rockhouse, built over a shaft that eventually reached nearly 9,300 feet deep on the incline and the No. 2 Hoist House, home to the world’s largest steam-powered hoisting engine. Down the hill on the shore of Portage Lake is the Quincy Smelting Works, the only remaining smelter associated with historic Michigan copper mining. The integrity of the area is still very high, although modifications have been made and incompatible development has occurred. Many buildings in the Quincy unit are owned and operated by the Quincy Mine Hoist Association, a Keweenaw Heritage Site offering hoist and mine tours and exhibits.

The Calumet unit comprises approximately 750 acres and includes the historic mining community of Calumet. It is roughly 11 miles north of Hancock and 4 miles from Lake Superior.

This unit includes remnant administrative structures, mine buildings, and the associated historic landscape of the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company, and the supporting commercial and residential areas of the Village of Calumet and Calumet Township. Founded originally as separate companies, in 1871 the Calumet and Hecla mining companies merged under the direction of Alexander Agassiz. Agassiz, a Harvard-educated scientist and son of Louis Agassiz, directed Calumet & Hecla’s growth as it became the dominant mining company on the Keweenaw Peninsula and, for a time, the world. During the 1870s, 50% of the nation’s copper came from Calumet & Hecla mines.

As the copper industry boomed, the Village of Red Jacket (now known as Calumet) became the heart of a thriving and densely populated community. Mining companies recruited experienced miners from England, Germany, and other European countries, while immigrants from around the globe flocked to the Keweenaw seeking work. Red Jacket became a diverse and cosmopolitan community. Calumet & Hecla practiced a form of corporate paternalism that encompassed social and cultural life, from company-built housing, libraries, and schools to funding church construction. Mine workers also lived in the adjacent Village of Laurium. Profits from mining gradually declined in the 20th century, and the last Calumet & Hecla copper mine closed in 1969. One of the two remaining shaft-rockhouses (headframes) is in the park’s Calumet unit.

Important elements of the past are immediately visible from the main access corridor (Red Jacket Road), including the Calumet & Hecla administrative building (now park headquarters), library (now park collections storage and offices), machine shop, warehouse, pattern shop, and Union Building (now the park’s Calumet Visitor Center). The Village of Calumet grew up on the northwest edge of the mine location.

The U.S. Congress authorized the National Park Service and the Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission to collaborate with sites owned and operated by state and local governments, nonprofit organizations, and private organizations to preserve and interpret the rich prehistory and history of copper mining. The Keweenaw Heritage Sites program, jointly administered by the National Park Service and the Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission, is one aspect of this partnership. Keweenaw Heritage Sites are independently owned and operated, are located throughout the historic copper mining range, and contain significant cultural and/or natural resources. Each makes a distinct contribution to preserving and interpreting the copper mining story. Embodying stories of hardship, ingenuity, struggle, and success, each site allows visitors to explore the role mining played in people’s lives.

The following significance statements have been identified for Keweenaw National Historical Park:

1. Geology. The geology of the Keweenaw area includes the oldest and largest lava flow known on Earth and is the only place where large-scale economically recoverable, nearly pure native copper is found.

2. American Indian Mining and Trading. The Keweenaw Peninsula is internationally significant as the oldest site in the country where prehistoric, American Indian extraction of copper occurred; the copper was widely traded across the continent. Together with Isle Royale, copper extraction has occurred in this area for more than 7,000 years.

3. Copper Production. The Keweenaw Peninsula was the location of one of the nation’s earliest mining rushes and was the most productive copper mining region in the United States from 1845–87. It continued to be a nationally important source of copper through the 1920s. Quincy Mine is the most complete mining company landscape remaining in the Keweenaw Peninsula.

4. Company Paternalism. Large-scale company paternalism provided a foundation for immigration, ethnic settlement, company locations/towns, and influenced the development of associated commercial and residential districts. This is reflected across the peninsula’s cultural landscapes.

5. Immigration and Ethnicity. Keweenaw’s copper mining communities became a principal destination for European immigrants beginning in the mid-1800s, and the cultural heritage of these varied nationalities is still preserved in this remarkable ethnic conglomerate. Keweenaw flourished as a copper frontier only because of an immigrant workforce that constituted up to 80% of the labor pool. Michigan’s Copper Country accelerated the development of the American industrial frontier.

6. Labor Relations. After years of comparatively peaceful labor and management relations in the Keweenaw, a major strike occurred in 1913–14; this strike elicited national attention and crippled the famed Western Federation of Miners union. The majority of Keweenaw copper workers did not organize again until the World War II era.

7. Technology. Advancements in copper mining on the Keweenaw Peninsula refined deep shaft, hard rock mining, milling, and smelting technology. Keweenaw copper mines sustained deep shaft mining for over 100 years, resulting in some of the deepest mines in the world.

The following fundamental resources and values have been identified for Keweenaw National Historical Park:

Quincy Mining Company Cultural Landscape, which includes the following resources:

Quincy mine site with associated buildings, site features, archeological deposits, and landscapes; Quincy Smelting Works; Mason and Bunker Hill; railroad tracks and embankments; underground workings; and company housing.

Calumet & Hecla Mining Company Cultural Landscape, which includes the following Calumet & Hecla corporate and industrial resources: the Calumet & Hecla mine site with associated buildings, site features, archeological deposits, and landscapes; Calumet & Hecla administrative office and library, the Calumet & Hecla-built Calumet High School and Middle School; railroad tracks and embankments; and underground workings.

Village of Calumet Cultural Landscape, which includes the following village and civic resources: the publicly owned civic structures, privately owned commercial and residential structures, the village landscape composed of streets and lots platted north-south, and Agassiz Park.

Museum Collections. Objects, specimens, and archives associated with copper on

Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula.

Collaboration, Community Engagement, and Stewardship. The park collaborates with partners to: provide visitor experiences and education, preserve resources by providing technical assistance, foster a preservation ethic, and engage the community in discovery and reflection.

The following related resources have been identified for Keweenaw National Historical Park:

Keweenaw Heritage Sites. The Keweenaw Heritage Sites work in partnership with the National Park Service and the Keweenaw National Historical Park Advisory Commission to interpret the region’s copper mining heritage. The National Park Service and advisory commission collaborate with 21 groups that administer multiple locations.

Other Sites Related to the Purpose of Keweenaw National Historical Park. Other important resources and cultural landscapes exist outside the current boundaries of Keweenaw National Historical Park and are not Keweenaw Heritage Sites. These include the Cliff Mine cultural landscape, the company housing and industrial resources in the community of Painesdale, and Calumet & Hecla and Quincy industrial resources at Torch Lake. Torch Lake is an Environmental Protection Agency superfund site and a Great Lakes Area of Concern, and continues to be the focus of environmental research and remediation activities. Torch Lake is not within Keweenaw National Historical Park boundaries.

Non-NPS Collections Related to the Purpose of Keweenaw National Historical Park.

Collections not owned by the National Park Service that are related to the purpose of Keweenaw National Historical Park and are held on the Keweenaw Peninsula and elsewhere by museums, academic institutions, and other entities.

This unit of the National Park System has not previously had an Administrative History prepared for it.

The project will include reviewing and summarizing all NPS inventory, research, planning, and management documents prepared by and for the park. Past oral history interviews and those conducted for this project with current and former park employees and partners, and examining more recent pertinent reports and records at the park, will be valuable sources of information.

The following is an incomplete list of significant events and actions that need to be covered in the Administrative History:

Research Project – Develop and Complete the Administrative History for Keweenaw National Historical Park

An NPS Administrative History is a history of a park unit as an institutional entity. Its purpose is to present the history of a park since the time it was first proposed through Congressional authorization and subsequent NPS management. It provides NPS managers a historic context for making decisions on issues relevant to park management. This research project will include a legislative history detailing federal laws relevant to Keweenaw National Historical Park. It will also focus on all studies, plans, restoration/preservation activities, and management decisions regarding the operation, interpretation, and preservation of the park.

This document will describe legislative efforts to preserve and protect the Keweenaw’s copper mining history, park authorization, and the park’s NPS development and operational history, and how it has been managed by NPS to the present day.

The completed study will include the following elements:

A. Introduction providing an overview of prehistory and history, including geology, early

Native American mining and trade, area Tribal history, European-American exploration, Treaties, the opening of the mining frontier and rise and decline of the industry, preservation efforts including Historic American Engineering Record and Historic American Building Survey efforts, and National Historic Landmark designation.

B. Legislative history leading to the authorization of Keweenaw National Historical Park in 1992, and all subsequent legislation pertaining to the park, including amendments.

Nine months after contract award, the contractor will supply draft chapters for A.

and B. to NPS for review and approval.

C. The primary emphasis of the study will provide a description and analysis of the development and administration of Keweenaw National Historical Park as a unit of the National Park System. The origin and rationale for key management decisions shall be thoroughly discussed and reference made to planning documents, studies, and other historical, archeological, and scientific research reports that resulted in major management decisions. Other topics, in addition to those enumerated above, to examine (in no particular order) include:

Contents of all NPS reports and plans are to be summarized and management decisions explained.

The study will elaborate on Keweenaw National Historical Park’s association, cooperation, and interaction with other NPS units in the Midwest and Lake Superior region, particularly Isle Royale National Park, and urban, partnership parks like Pullman National Historical Park, River Raisin National Battlefield Park, and Ste. Geneviève National Historical Park. It will explore its relationship to park units in other regions established to commemorate labor and industrial history, such as Lowell National Historical Park (which served as inspiration for Keweenaw National Historical Park) and New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park. The study will also detail similar association, cooperation, and interaction with the NPS Midwest Regional Office, Midwest Archeological Center, Denver Service Center, Harpers Ferry Center, and Washington Office.

The study will document how and why the administrative operations changed over time.

Attention will be paid to the annual budget and staff growth. Similar treatment must be afforded to other park divisions.

The document will follow a chronological order and provide a thorough resource section.

The completed study will include (but not be limited to) the following subject areas:

1. A statement describing the park, its location, primary resources, values, purpose, significance, and character, including its legislative relationship with the Advisory Commission. This portion should include a brief overview of the area’s mining history, both pre-contact and settlement era, in order to explain the purposes for creating the park;

the subject, however, is the park and its development as a unit of the National Park System.

2. Place the management and organization of Keweenaw NHP within the larger context of public park land management and historic preservation within the Midwest Region and the National Park System. Topics to be addressed include:

a. The park’s management model, and its mandate to develop a traditional park experience (facilities, waysides, wayfinding, ranger programs) while providing technical assistance to its partners, including community planning.

b. Staffing, funding, and budgets.

c. Superfund designation and environmental remediation.

d. Land acquisition.

e. Administrative relationship with Isle Royale National Park.

3. Document the development of preservation services, curatorial services, interpretation and education, and park history programs from 1992 through the present, describing internal and external pressures/influences on them, such as staffing, the Commission and other partners, park- and service-wide policies, and changing mandates.

a. Preservation Services and Maintenance, including:

i. involvement in park and partner projects within and beyond park boundaries.

ii. how different funding sources influenced and, in many cases, determined project implementation.

iii. major projects, both park and partner, such as stabilization work at the

Quincy Mine and Hoist Association, the Quincy Smelting Works, and the Village of Calumet.

iv. planning projects, including Cultural Landscape Reports, Historic Structure Reports, and

b. Curatorial Services, including:

i. the origins of the museum collection.

ii. relationships with other area repositories, including the Michigan Tech Archives and Finnish American Heritage Center.

iii. The development of the Lake Superior Collection Management Center.

c. Interpretation and Education:

i. the development of the division.

ii. interpretive planning, such as: the long range and comprehensive interpretive plans, Keweenaw Heritage Sites interpretive planning, and the Calumet Visitor Center project.

iii. special events, including park anniversaries, the Fourth Thursday in History program (with curatorial services), Copper Traces, and traveling exhibits.

d. The History and Compliance program:

i. the origins of the park’s history program and role managing other cultural resource programs/resources.

ii. oral history projects and public outreach.

iii. major projects, including the historic resource study, Copper Country Historic Property Survey, joint Keweenaw-Isle Royale archeological inventory, and ethnographic overview and assessment.

iv. the evolution of NEPA/NHPA compliance and how it is implemented at the park.

v. relationships with other divisions, in particular, interpretation and education over time.

e. Management and Administration:

i. An overview of park management since 1992, recording the actions and decisions of each superintendent, their impact on administration and fulfillment of Keweenaw’s mission, and their influence on future park management decisions.

ii. Park-wide planning efforts, including the General Management Plan and Record of Decision, Lake Linden Visioning Sessions, and Foundation Document, as well as subsequent plans they implemented.

iii. Major events in the park’s development, such as the Mine Street Station development, Hancock water tower project, efforts to co-locate the park’s primary visitor center with the AE Seaman Mineral Museum on Quincy Hill, opening the Calumet Visitor Center, and the Quincy Smelting Works.

iv. Funding and budgets: how base budget increases, shortfalls—including sequestration—impacted park programs and staffing.

v. Keweenaw NHP’s relationship to Isle Royale National Park: shared histories, and shared staffing, supervision, and projects.

vi. the evolution of the Advisory Commission and its major accomplishments and challenges, including understanding their mission and purpose as outlined in the enabling legislation, working with the different superintendents, and acquisition of the Quincy Smelting Works, and the Keweenaw Heritage Grants program.

vii. the formal partnership network, from its beginnings as loosely connected cooperating sites to the formal Keweenaw Heritage Sites network.

viii. the influence of local pressure, regional leadership and mandates, the influence of Senator Levin, and national policy, including over the co-location of Isle Royale headquarters and Keweenaw facilities at the Quincy Smelting Works.

The contractor will provide within nine months of contract award preliminary chapters:

Introduction, historical background, and legislative history of the Administrative History for NPS review and approval.

The Administrative History must place Keweenaw National Historical Park in context with the evolution of management policies, procedures, and practices of NPS over time. Contractor will utilize the files, library, and archives of Keweenaw National Historical Park.

D. Oral history interviews with key decision-making personnel. Because NPS documentation is not complete, oral history interviews will be especially useful in the Administrative History. Keweenaw National Historical Park has recorded 21 oral history interviews for use by this project. Most are with staff transferring to different parks or retiring; some of them are with regional office staff and external partners. Four have already been transcribed and the remainder will be transcribed in fiscal year 2023.

Sixteen (16) formal oral history interviews will be conducted in person according to professional standards with current and/or retired NPS employees, community members, and partners pertinent to the park’s history as follows (grouped geographically, names and contact information to be provided following contract award):

INTERVIEW LIST

Calumet, Michigan and local area

SD, former Commissioner, KNHP Advisory Commission WD, Superintendent FF, former Superintendent PG, former Superintendent of Isle Royale National Park SG, Executive Director, KNHP Advisory Commission BH, former Curator KH, former Manager, Interpretation and Education CM, former Facility Manager JM, Archivist MP, former Superintendent BR, former Administrative Officer JR, former Historical Architect ES, Administrative Technician SS, former Executive Director, KNHP Advisory Commission

Nokomis, Florida

JC, former superintendent

Washington, DC

KH, former Chair, KNHP Advisory Commission

Oral history interviews will be conducted in person, digitally recorded, transcripts produced, a digital photograph of each interviewee taken, and assignment of interview rights forms signed.

All interviewees will be given an opportunity to review and edit his/her interview transcript over a one-month period.

A list of alternate interviewees will be provided in case any of the above candidates are unwilling or unable for whatever reason to participate. The alternates may be interviewed via telephone and not in-person.

Within one year of contract award, contractor will provide transcriptions of all oral history interviews for NPS inspection and approval.

E. Bibliography of source materials, including all previous research, surveys, and reports dealing with Keweenaw National Historical Park.

F. Appendices: Information including, but not limited to, all pertinent legislation, maps and/or drawings, listing of annual budgets, and a comprehensive listing of past and present NPS personnel, will be included in the Administrative History's appendix. The study shall include appropriate maps and other figures within the narrative, including historic and contemporary photographs. The photographs shall have captions and identify their source.

G. Contractor shall also prepare two short articles (1 to 2 pages) and illustrations on any topic related to this Administrative History to be uploaded to the park’s website or other internet site.

H. A draft of the completed Administrative History with all above specified elements will be prepared and provided to NPS for review and comment according to a planning schedule and matrix outlined between NPS and contractor at the start of the project.

Contractor will then incorporate all comments and resubmit a final draft. Following approval of the Administrative History by NPS, an index (generated by the latest version of Microsoft Word) will be prepared which incorporates all significant names, places, objects, activities, and programs referenced in the document. Used in conjunction with the Table of Contents, the Index will assist readers find particular topics of interest with ease. The final draft will then be reviewed by the Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) to ensure all NPS comments have been incorporated, and then submitted for approval signatures.

I. Following the recommendation of the Superintendent, concurrence of the Associate

Regional Director for Cultural Resources, and approval by the Regional Director, 100 printed and perfect bound copies.

Report standards/format and submission schedule

The final report will be in the latest version of Microsoft Word and include the information required in the specifications listed in Section II, above. It must be typed on 8-1/2 by 11-inch white paper. All pages must be numbered. Copies of photographs (screened for reproduction clarity), maps, drawings, and text must be clean, clear, and legible. Historic photographs can be in black and white; contemporary photographs will be in color. The format must comply with the latest edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. The document must be Section 508 compliant.

In addition, all reports must contain the following:

1. Title/Cover page listing the name of the Principal Investigator. If the report is also authored by Project Historians, the title page must identify the author(s) and bear the inscription, "Prepared under the supervision of (name), Principal Investigator." The title/cover page shall also include signature and date lines for three approving officials in the following order:

“Recommended/Superintendent, Herbert Hoover National Historic Site/Date;

"Concurred/Associate Regional Director, Cultural Resources, Midwest/DOI Regions 3, 4, 5/Date; and Approved/Regional Director, Midwest/DOI Regions 3, 4, 5/Date."

2. Five (5) hard copies of an outline and the preliminary chapters will be submitted eight months following contract award for NPS review and approval. The outline shall include descriptions of each chapter containing sufficient detail to demonstrate the complete range of topics and themes to be discussed as well as chronological periods. The draft material will be typed, double-spaced, with numbered reference lines in the left margins on each page of text for reviewers to target their comments to specific pages and line numbers. Line numbering will start with “1” atop each page. NPS will provide review comments on the chapter outline and preliminary chapters to the PI within 30 days of receipt of the document. The PI shall make necessary revisions and submit the final chapter outline to NPS within 15 days of receipt by the contractor. The outline will provide the basis for the “Table of Contents” for the Administrative History.

3. Five (5) hard copies of the multi-chapter draft report will be submitted twenty months following contract award to NPS for review. The draft will be typed, double-spaced, with numbered reference lines in the left margins on each page of text and will include all maps, graphics, footnotes, and appendices to be included in the final report. The draft will be reviewed by NPS for contract sufficiency and professional quality. Within 45 days of receipt by NPS, the draft will be reviewed, and the contractor will be notified when review comments will be transmitted.

4. A final copy of the report addressing review comments transmitted to the contractor by NPS will be submitted to NPS prior to printing of the final document. The copy should be forwarded to the NPS COR for presentation to the Regional Director to secure his signature approval. The contractor will design appropriate cover art/graphics including the NPS Arrowhead for the camera-ready final document. Printing on the document's spine will include title, author, National Park Service, and year of publication. Within 60 days of NPS acceptance of the final draft (indicated by the three required signatures specified above) and before expiration of the twenty-four month contract period of performance, the contractor will furnish one (1) camera ready unbound final document printed on archival paper, 100 dry ink digital printed and separately perfect-bound copies of the report, and a compact computer disk or disks containing the final document in the latest version of Microsoft Word and in pdf form.

5. All formal oral history interviews conducted will be digitally recorded and transcriptions prepared. All interview candidates must sign an interview rights release form (format to be supplied by NPS). Any additional interviews which take place on an informal basis (i.e., telephonically) must be comprehensively documented in a memorandum of telephone call. All recordings, transcripts, interview rights release forms, photographs, and memoranda of telephone calls will be organized for curatorial storage and transmitted to NPS with the final document.

Disposition of data

At the conclusion of research and within 60 days of written acceptance of the final camera-ready report, all notes, records, maps, drawings, photographs, negatives, slides, digital images, tapes, digital recordings transcripts, and other data acquired during the course of this study will be professionally organized for archival purposes and submitted to the Contracting Officers Representative, to be deposited in the archives of Herbert Hoover National Historic Site.

Progress reports

Quarterly progress reports during the performance of the research and writing phases are required. The initial due date will be 90 days after contract award. All quarterly reports will be submitted to the Contracting Officer’s Representative (COR) who will be appointed at the time of award.