PHYSICAL SECURITY AND RESILIENCY DESIGN MANUAL APRIL-2021.pdf

VA U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Facilities Management

Physical Security and Resiliency

Design Manual

OCTOBER 1, 2020

Revised April 1, 2021

Cover Photos

First row: Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112;

Washington D.C. Veterans Affairs Medical Center's (DCVAMC) Community Resource and Referral Center (CRRC), 1500 Franklin Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20018.

Second row: Orlando VA Medical Center, 13800 Veterans Way, Orlando, Florida 32827; Willamette National Cemetery, 11800 Southeast Mt. Scott Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97086; Alaska VA Healthcare System, 1201 North Muldoon Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99504.

https://www.neworleans.va.gov/ http://www.va.gov/directory/guide/facility.asp?ID=6227&dnum=1 http://www.orlando.va.gov/ http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/nchp/willamette.asp http://www.cem.va.gov/cems/nchp/willamette.asp http://www.alaska.va.gov/

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF

VETERANS AFFAIRS

PHYSICAL SECURITY & RESILIENCY

DESIGN MANUAL

October 1, 2020 Revised April 1, 2021

This page is intentionally blank.

PHYSICAL SECURITY & RESILIENCY DESIGN MANUAL October 1, 2020 Revised 04-01-2021 i

PREFACE

It has long been the policy of the U.S. Government to assure the continuity and viability of infrastructure that is critical to the mission of a Federal agency. Laws and regulations applicable to VA include:

Executive Order 12656, issued November 18, 1988, requiring the head of each Federal department and agency to be prepared to respond adequately to all national security emergencies

Public Law 107-188, Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002

Public Law 107-287, Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of

38 USC Sec. 901, which gives the Secretary the authority to prescribe regulations to provide for the maintenance of law and order and the protection of persons and property on VA properties.

In response, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) conducted physical security assessments of 118 VA facilities, which resulted in 24 physical security strategies. The VA Secretary approved the Adoption of Physical Security Strategies for VA Facilities in 2006. Physical security and resiliency design requirements were developed to implement these strategies. This Physical Security and Resiliency Design Manual (PSRDM) supersedes the 2015 Physical Security Design Manuals (PSDM). Recommendations from the 2016 Value Management Study were considered when updating the PSRDM. The PSRDM represents exemplary collaboration across the entire VA.

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Physical Security and Resiliency Design Manual for the Department of Veterans Affairs is the result of work and input from many departments and individuals. We wish to thank the following for their valuable contributions and support to this Design Manual.

Office of Construction & Facilities Management (CFM) Lloyd H. Siegel, FAIA Retired. Former Associate Executive Director, Office of Facilities Planning (OFP) Donald Myers, AIA Director, Facilities Standards Service (FSS) John Bulick, RA Director, Facilities Planning Development Service

(FPDS)

Jay Sztuk, AIA Retired. Former Director, Cost Estimating Service

(CES)

Mark Wiersma, PE Director, Consulting Support Service (CSS) Juan Archilla, PE Structural Engineer, FSS Thomas Biery, PE Retired. Former Mechanical Engineer, CSS Ken Carrico, AIA Director, Project Control Service Fei (Linda) Chan, AIA Planner/Architect, FPDS Jihaad Davenport, EIT AVS Value Management Coordinator, CES Gary Fischer, AIA Senior Healthcare Architect, FSS Asok Ghosh, PE, PhD Structural Engineer, CSS Ronald Johnson Architect/Specifications Writer, FSS Michael Koch Architect, CSS Fred Lau, PE Structural Engineer, FSS Larry Lau, PE Electrical Engineer, CSS Mahmut Nazli, PE Mechanical Engineer, FSS Christine Rai Leasing Team Lead, Office of Real Property (ORP) Dennis Sheils Retired. Former Deputy Director, FPDS Matthew Shepardson Management Analyst, FPDS Michael Taylor, PE Mechanical Engineer, FSS Bryan Unger, PE Structural Engineer, FSS Lam Vu, PE Electrical Engineer, FSS

Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Edward A. Litvin, PE, CHFM Deputy to Assistant Deputy Under Secretary for

Health Operations & Administration Jeffery C. Belczak VISN 2 Fire Protection and Safety Engineer Peter Brewster Emergency Management Specialist, Office of Emergency Management Troy Brown VHA Senior Security Specialist iii

Randall B. Dell, MSSI, CAAMA Acting Director, Office of Emergency Management

(OEM)

James Johnson Retired. Former Capital Program Consultant, OCAMES

David Klein, PE Deputy Director and Fire Protection Program Manager, Office of Occupational Safety, Health, and GEMS Programs

Oleh Kowalskyj, MSCE, CHFM, CCS Deputy Director for Healthcare Engineering, Office of Healthcare Engineering, Healthcare Environment and Facilities Programs (HEFP)

Gary Krupa, PE Retired. Former Senior Electrical Engineer, Office of Healthcare Engineering, HEFP

Peter Larrimer, PE Fire Protection Operations Manager, Office of Occupational Safety, Health, and GEMS Programs

Dennis Olson EMCAP Program Manager, OEM Paul Phillips VISN 20 Emergency Manager/Capital Support Abid Rahman, MD Associate Director for Program Coordination, OEM Vincent Rizzo, PE Compliance Engineer, Office of Healthcare

Engineering, HEFP David Sine, DrBE, CSP, ARM, CPHRM Chief Risk Officer, Office of Quality, Safety, and

Value Kevin Thompson Field Program Manager, OEM Don Wainwright, FACHE Retired. Former Compliance Engineer, Office of

Healthcare Engineering, HEFP

Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) John Green Assistant Director, Emergency Preparedness, Safety, Security and Watch Officers Division Saeed Noorbakhsh Architect/Senior Project Manager

National Cemetery Administration (NCA) Michael Roth Director, Design and Construction Service Peggy Jensen Project Manager, Design and Construction Service Glenn Madderom Chief, Cemetery Development & Improvement

Service

Office of Information and Technology (OIT) David Cheplick Director, Wide Area Network, IT Operations and

Services Kelly Bates, DCIE, CPMM Data Center & Infrastructure Engineer, Solution

Delivery, Data Center & Infrastructure Engineering iv

Kevin Grzelka, CTIA, CISSP Data Center & Infrastructure Engineer, Solution Delivery, Data Center & Infrastructure Engineering

John Wernau, DCIE Data Center & Infrastructure Engineer, Solution Delivery, Data Center & Infrastructure Engineering

Michael Julian, RCDD Data Center & Infrastructure Engineer, Solution Delivery, Data Center & Infrastructure Engineering

Curtis Derbigny Data Center & Infrastructure Engineer, Solution Delivery, Data Center & Infrastructure Engineering

Matthew Hammaker TVE Project Manager, IT Operations and Services

Office of Management (OM) Nikki Zook Management Analyst, Office of Asset Enterprise

Management

Office of Operations, Security, and Preparedness (OSP) Darryl G. Blackwell Division Chief, Policy and Infrastructure Protection

Division, Office of Security and Law Enforcement Keith Frost Retired. Former Chief, Policy and Infrastructure

Protection Division, Office of Security and Law Enforcement

Joel Andrews Security Specialist Larry Casserly PACS-Program Manager Forrest Frakes, GCL, CET, PC Acting Chief, Special Systems Hector Marcayda Deputy HSPD-12 Program Manager John Robertson Program Analyst Keith Van Bakel Telecommunications Specialist

National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Project Team Michael Chipley, PhD, GICSP, PMP, LEED AP President, The PMC Group, LLC Theodore C. Moeller, PE, LEED AP Director of Electrical & Technology Engineering, GLHN Architects & Engineers, Inc Terrence P. Ryan, CPP President, TRyan AT/FP LLC Tom O. Sachs, AIA Director of Architectural Services, OKKS Studios, a subsidiary of Delta Engineers, Architects & Land Surveyors, PC, Kenneth Schram, PE LEED AP Principal-in-Charge Mechanical Engineer, Plumbing/Fire Protection Engineer, Syska Hennessy Group

Robert Smilowitz, PhD, PE Principal, Thornton Tomasetti, Weidlinger Protective Design Practice v

Peggy Van Eepoel, PE Associate Principal, Thornton Tomasetti, Weidlinger Protective Design Practice

Nanne Davis Eliot, AIA, NCARB, PMP Esquire, Program Director, National Institute of Building Sciences vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Authority ................................................................................................................. 1-2

1.3 Administration and Enforcement ........................................................................... 1-3

1.4 VA Facilities ............................................................................................................. 1-4

1.5 Planning, Budgeting, and Programming for Physical Security and Resiliency ........ 1-21

1.6 Introduction to Physical Security and Resiliency Concepts .................................... 1-22

1.7 Coordination and Prioritization of Physical Security and Resiliency Requirements with Other Documents .................................................................................................... 1-23

1.8 Requirements for Subject Matter Specialists ......................................................... 1-24

1.9 Information Safeguarding and Dissemination Controls ......................................... 1-24

2 DIRECTION ON USING THE PHYSICAL SECURITY AND RESILIENCY DESIGN MANUAL 2-1

2.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Risk Assessment of VA Facilities ............................................................................. 2-3

2.3 Exceptions and Deviations ...................................................................................... 2-7

2.4 Application of Requirements in Common Project Scopes ...................................... 2-9

3 SITE CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) .................................... 3-1

3.3 Standoff Distance .................................................................................................... 3-2

3.4 Perimeter Barrier .................................................................................................... 3-3

3.5 Vehicle and Pedestrian Screening .......................................................................... 3-5

3.6 Anti-Ram Rated Vehicle Barriers ............................................................................ 3-7

3.7 Parking .................................................................................................................... 3-8

3.8 Site Lighting ............................................................................................................. 3-12

3.9 Landscaping............................................................................................................. 3-15

3.10 Signage .................................................................................................................... 3-15 vii

4 BUILDING ENTRANCES AND EXITS .......................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 4-1

4.2 Public Entrances and Lobbies ................................................................................. 4-2

4.3 Patient Drop-offs .................................................................................................... 4-7

4.4 Building Exits and Life Safety Considerations ......................................................... 4-8

5 FUNCTIONAL AREAS .............................................................................................. 5-1

5.1 Agent Cashier .......................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Caches: All-Hazards Emergency Cache and Pharmacy Cache ............................... 5-3

5.3 Childcare/Development Center .............................................................................. 5-5

5.4 Computer Room ...................................................................................................... 5-6

5.5 Emergency Department .......................................................................................... 5-7

5.6 Emergency and/or Standby Generator Room ........................................................ 5-8

5.7 Energy Center/Boiler Plant ..................................................................................... 5-10

5.8 Fire Command Center (FCC) ................................................................................... 5-12

5.9 Incident Command Center ...................................................................................... 5-12

5.10 Loading Dock and Service Entrances ....................................................................... 5-13

5.11 Mailroom ................................................................................................................ 5-17

5.12 Pharmacy ................................................................................................................ 5-19

5.13 Police Operations Room and Holding Room .......................................................... 5-21

5.14 Records Storage and Archives ................................................................................ 5-23

5.15 Research Laboratory and Vivarium......................................................................... 5-24

5.16 Security Control Center........................................................................................... 5-29

5.17 Storage of Hazardous Materials ............................................................................. 5-34

6 BUILDING ENVELOPE ............................................................................................. 6-1

6.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Non-Load Bearing Exterior Walls ............................................................................ 6-3

6.3 Fenestration and Doors .......................................................................................... 6-5

6.4 Atria ......................................................................................................................... 6-8

6.5 Roofs ....................................................................................................................... 6-9

6.6 Critical Equipment Protection ................................................................................. 6-11 viii

6.7 Calculation Methods and Documentation .............................................................. 6-12

7 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 7-1

7.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Blast Resistance ...................................................................................................... 7-3

7.3 Design for Global Stability of the Structure ............................................................ 7-8

7.4 Prevention of Progressive Collapse ........................................................................ 7-9

7.5 Anti-Ram Resistance ............................................................................................... 7-11

7.6 Calculation Methods ............................................................................................... 7-11

8 UTILITIES AND BUILDING SERVICES ......................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Utility Entrances ...................................................................................................... 8-2

8.3 Site Distribution ...................................................................................................... 8-5

8.4 Energy Center ......................................................................................................... 8-6

8.5 Water and Fuel Storage .......................................................................................... 8-7

8.6 Protection of Utilities and Equipment .................................................................... 8-14

9 BUILDING SYSTEMS ............................................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 9-1

9.2 HVAC Systems ......................................................................................................... 9-2

9.3 Electrical Systems .................................................................................................... 9-4

9.4 Telecommunications Systems ................................................................................ 9-5

9.5 Plumbing Systems ................................................................................................... 9-9

9.6 Fire Protection Systems .......................................................................................... 9-9

10 SECURITY SYSTEMS ................................................................................................ 10-1

10.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals ...................................................................................... 10-1

10.2 Coordination with Telecommunication and Other Systems .................................. 10-5

10.3 Electronic Security Systems .................................................................................... 10-12

10.4 Physical Access Control System/Electronic Access and Door Control .................... 10-14

10.5 Intrusion Detection System .................................................................................... 10-16

10.6 Security Surveillance Television .............................................................................. 10-19

10.7 Duress, Security Phones, and Intercom System ..................................................... 10-26 ix

10.8 Public Address and Mass Notification System ........................................................ 10-31

10.9 Security Control Center, Integrated Operations Center, Emergency Operations Center ................................................................................................................................ 10-32

10.10 Patient or Staff Annunciator/Locator (PAL) ............................................................ 10-33

10.11 Behavioral Health Area (Psychiatric or Mental Health Area) ................................. 10-34

10.12 Narcotics Storage Alerting and Signal System ........................................................ 10-34

10.13 Detection and Screening Systems .......................................................................... 10-35

11 GLOSSARY & ACRONYMS ....................................................................................... 11-1

12 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 12-1

13 APPENDIX

A1 VA Standard Security Door Types

A2 Security Door Opening Schedule

A3 Door Opening Matrix

B Security System Matrix https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxA1.pdf https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxA2.pdf https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxA3.xlsx https://www.cfm.va.gov/til/PhysicalSecurity/dmPhySecAppxB.xlsx

INTRODUCTION 1-1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Scope, Purpose, and Goals

This manual contains the baseline physical security and resiliency requirements for improving the protection of Mission Critical (MC) Facilities, Life-Safety Protected (LSP) Facilities, and LSP Facilities with MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). This updated manual has been retitled the Physical Security and Resiliency Design Manual (PSRDM). The physical security and resiliency design and construction requirements in this manual apply to new buildings, additions, and alteration/renovation of existing facilities and/or sites, owned by VA.

MC Facilities are those intended to remain fully functional during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency. LSP Facilities are those intended to protect the life safety of the VA patients, staff, and visitors in case of an emergency. Although indispensable to the mission of VA, LSP facilities are not required to remain operational during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency. LSP Facilities with MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies are those intended to remain functional with minor repairs, in addition to protecting the life safety of occupants. These facilities are listed in section 1.4 of this chapter.

The previous edition (2015) of the Physical Security Design Manual (PSDM) provided in two separate volumes the requirements for MC facilities and LSP facilities. This manual provides the physical security and resiliency requirements for VA facilities in one volume and now provides direction on the application of the requirements for various project scopes (see Section 2.4).

The requirements of this manual must be coordinated with all VA design and construction requirements for the mitigation of other hazards, such as earthquake and hurricane, in order to complete a multi-hazard approach to planning, design, and construction for physical security and resiliency. The requirements also must be coordinated with the requirements of the Life Safety Code, NFPA 101; the PSRDM does not supersede any life-safety requirements, standards, or codes that have been recognized by VA.

The physical security and resiliency requirements in this manual account for VA operations and policies and balance cost with effectiveness. An objective of this manual is to provide cost effective design criteria that will, when constructed and implemented, provide the appropriate level of physical security and resiliency to support VA services and facilities.

This introductory section provides the general information on how physical security and resiliency requirements are to be applied by the VA facility director and the planner, designer, architect, engineer, and project manager, with the goal of improved decision-making during the project planning phase, which follows the Strategic Capital Investment Process (SCIP) and

INTRODUCTION 1-2

precedes the Department’s budget request to Congress. Chapter 2 of this manual provides direction on the use of this manual, specifically on risk and vulnerability assessments (section 2.2) and applicable requirements for common project scopes (section 2.4). Later chapters provide complete descriptions of the physical security and resiliency requirements by discipline.

The requirements for new buildings and additions are listed under each section, while the specific or applicable requirements for alteration/renovation of existing facilities are listed at the end of each section within a gray text box.

Physical security and resiliency requirements are not the same as cybersecurity requirements.

Chapter 10 includes cybersecurity requirements only where needed to support physical security and resiliency, and to maintain operation of VA facilities. The PSRDM supports cybersecurity and has been coordinated with required physical security systems as outlined in the 2016 VA Telecommunications Design Manual; therefore, Appendix B of this manual has been modified to address separation of networks as well as protection of IT assets.

Additional resiliency requirements for VA facilities are covered in other VA design guides and criteria and must be coordinated with the PSRDM requirements. A primary goal of the PSRDM is to support the resiliency of all VA facilities following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency; therefore, included in this manual are resiliency requirements in support of continuity of operation of VA facilities. For MC facilities and LSP facilities with MC utilities/systems redundancies, resiliency requirements must support continued operations for a minimum of 96 hours during and following an extreme event.

1.2 Authority

It has long been the policy of the U.S. Government to assure the continuity and viability of infrastructure that is critical to the mission of a Federal agency. Executive Order 12656, issued November 18, 1988, states, “The head of each Federal department and agency must be prepared to respond adequately to all national security emergencies.” Furthermore, the “head of each Federal department and agency must ensure the continuity of essential functions in any national security emergency by providing for: succession to office and emergency delegation of authority in accordance with applicable law; safekeeping of essential resources, facilities, and records; and establishment of emergency operating capabilities.” The Order also requires that the “head of each Federal department and agency must: identify facilities and resources, both government and private, essential to the national defense and national welfare, and assess their vulnerabilities and develop strategies, plans, and programs to provide for the security of such facilities and resources, and to avoid or minimize disruptions of essential services during any national security emergency.”

Public Law 107-188, Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 enacted June 12, 2002, requires actions to enhance the readiness of Department of

INTRODUCTION 1-3

Veterans Affairs medical centers to enable them to fulfill their obligations as part of the Federal response to public health emergencies. Under section 154 the law specifically requires that the “Secretary of Veterans Affairs must take appropriate actions to enhance the readiness of Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers to protect the patients and staff of such centers from chemical or biological attack or otherwise to respond to such an attack and so as to enable such centers to fulfill their obligations as part of the Federal response to public health emergencies.”

Public Law 107-287, Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Preparedness Act of 2002 enacted November 7, 2002, requires that the “Secretary take appropriate actions to provide for the readiness of Department medical centers to protect the patients and staff of such centers from chemical or biological attack or otherwise to respond to such an attack so as to enable such centers to fulfill their obligations as part of the Federal response to public health emergencies” and that the “Secretary take appropriate actions to provide for the security of Department medical centers and research facilities, including staff and patients at such centers and facilities.” This Act also states that the “Secretary may furnish hospital care and medical services to individuals responding to, involved in, or otherwise affected by that disaster or emergency.”

38 USC Sec. 901 gives the Secretary the authority to prescribe regulations to provide for the maintenance of law and order and the protection of persons and property on VA property.

1.3 Administration and Enforcement

The physical security and resiliency requirements in this manual apply to all design and construction projects for new facilities, and renovation/alteration of existing facilities. These projects include but are not limited to projects in VA’s Major, Minor and Non-Recurring Maintenance (NRM) construction programs, for which design is begun on or after the effective date of this design manual.

All projects in VA’s Major Construction Program that are in design at the effective date of the manual but have not concluded the 35-percent design milestone (defined as Schematic Design or SD2) must incorporate the requirements of this manual. For Major projects that have reached the 35-percent design milestone, they are required to be in compliance with the edition of this manual effective at the time OR the current version, at the discretion of the Project Delivery Team.

INTRODUCTION 1-4

Table 1-1 Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) for Physical Security and Resiliency Requirements

VHA VBA NCA

Assistant Under Secretary for Health for Support Services

Executive Director for Office of Administration and Facilities

Under Secretary for Memorial Affairs

Deviations from the baseline requirements in this manual must be supported by a risk assessment of both the site and facility during the planning phase of the project before the development of project scope and budget. Requests for deviation must be submitted to the AHJ overseeing the implementation of physical security and resiliency requirements for the facility for review. When no risk assessment is performed during the project planning phase, the baseline requirements of this manual must apply. The processes for submitting requests for deviations from the baseline requirements are described in section 2.3 Exceptions and Deviations.

1.4 VA Facilities

1.4.1 Physical Security and Resiliency Designations for VA Facilities:

This section lists the VA facilities according to the following physical security and resiliency designations:

• MC Facilities

• LSP Facilities w/ MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies

• LSP Facilities

• Facilities w/ Varying Designations

• Partially Exempt Facilities

1.4.1.1 MC Facilities: These facilities are intended to remain fully functional with little to no damage to impede operations during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency. Type V construction (specifically light-frame wood and cold-formed steel framing structure) is not permitted for MC facilities.

Table 1-2 MC Facilities

Acute Care [Acute Beds] - inpatient medical/surgical beds

INTRODUCTION 1-5

Table 1-2 MC Facilities

Acute Care [Acute Beds] - outpatient1

Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation - inpatient

Emergency Command Center

Fire Station, Police Station

Hazardous Material Storage

Hospital

Imaging Center – inpatient

Medical Records - standalone central storage

Mental Health/Psychiatric Care - Inpatient

National Continuity of Operation Center

OIT - Core Data Center (CDC)

Polytrauma – inpatient

Research - Animal Facility

Research Facility w/ Wet Labs

Security & Law Enforcement

Notes:

1) Includes urgent care (not 24/7) and Emergency Department.

1.4.1.2 LSP Facilities with MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies: These facilities are intended to protect the life safety of the VA patients, staff, and visitors in case of an emergency, and to remain functional during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency, with minor repairs. In addition to complying

INTRODUCTION 1-6

with requirements of LSP facilities, MC Utilities and Systems Redundancies must be provided in accordance with Chapters 8 and 9 of this manual.

Table 1-3 LSP Facilities with MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies

Community Living Center (CLC) (LTC, ECRC, ECU)

Dietetics (serving inpatient/food production)1

Domiciliary/MH RRTP

Imaging Center - outpatient

Notes:

1) The purpose of the facility is serving inpatient and food production, not administrative office space.

1.4.1.3 LSP Facilities: These facilities are intended to protect the life safety of the VA patients, staff, and visitors in case of an emergency. Although indispensable to the mission of VA, LSP facilities are not required to remain operational during and following a natural or manmade extreme event or a national emergency.

Table 1-4 LSP Facilities

Canteen-Retail Store

Chapel (standalone building)

Child Care

Credit Union

Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation – outpatient

Library/Museum

Maintenance Facility (Shops)

Mental Health/Psychiatric Care - Outpatient

INTRODUCTION 1-7

Table 1-4 LSP Facilities

Office (e.g., Clinical Administrative, General Administrative, etc.)

OIT - National Call Center

OIT - Network Support Center (NSC)

Outbuilding (General Use)

Polytrauma - outpatient

Post Office

Quarters (Residential)

Recreational

Rehabilitation Medicine - outpatient

Research Facility w/ Dry Labs only

Spinal Cord Injury/Disorders Center (SCID Center) -outpatient

Student Housing

Training, Education

Veterans Services

Waste Management (incinerator & Recycle)

1.4.1.4 Facilities with Varying Designations: The physical security and resiliency designations for these facilities can range from LSP to MC. The determination of the

INTRODUCTION 1-8

designations depends on the services provided in these facilities, or the designation of the primary facilities supported by these facilities.

Table 1-5 Facilities with/Varying Designations

Facilities

Possible Designations

Notes M

C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es

Sy st em s R ed un da nc ie s

LS

P

Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC)

X X X

Default designation is MC. Request to lower the designation can be submitted for review/approval when there is identified alternate VA site of care.

Auditorium

- X X

Default designation is LSP. Follow Designation of the primary facility that it supports up to LSP w/Utility/System Redundancy. When the auditorium/facility, with public assembly as primary occupancy and with an occupant load greater than 300, upgrade to LSP w/MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies.

Biomedical Eng. (equip. & wheelchair repair)

- X X

Default designation is LSP. Follow Designation of the facility that it supports, up to LSP w/MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies.

Canteen-Cafeteria

- X X

Default designation is LSP. Follow Designation of the facility that it supports, up to LSP w/MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies.

INTRODUCTION 1-9

Facilities

Possible Designations

Notes

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es

Sy st em s R ed un da nc ie s

LS

P

Central Energy/Utility Plant (including chiller and boiler plants)

X X X To be designed to the same level as the highest buildings the Plant serves

Connecting corridor concourses and bridges

X X X

Designation and requirements to be determined by the AHJ on a case-by-case basis. [Considerations include but not limited to: exemption from requirements of chapters 3, 6, and 7 when they are not the main entrance or required exit for the connected buildings; follow MC requirements if critical utilities are located inside along the corridor/bridge.]

Consolidated Mail-Out Pharmacy (CMOP)

X X -

Default designation is LSP w/MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies.

Designation can be upgraded to MC when the need arises. There are a limited number of CMOPs that cannot be duplicated for handling of controlled substances.

Emergency Generator X X X

To be designed to the same level as the highest buildings the Generator serves

INTRODUCTION 1-10

Facilities

Possible Designations

Notes

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es

Sy st em s R ed un da nc ie s

LS

P

Laundry

- X X

Default designation is LSP. Consider upgrading to LSP w/MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies based on factors such as regional workload, likelihood of natural disasters/hazards, and community availability of laundry services. Such upgrade can be determined at the VAMC & VISN level without additional approval from VHA- VACO or CFM.

Medical Equipment Storage X X X

To be designed to the same level as the highest buildings the Medical Equipment Storage serves

Medical Gas Storage X X X

To be designed to the same level as the highest buildings the Medical Gas Storage serves

Medical Records Storage X X X Medical Records Storage areas that are not standalone central storage facilities shall match the building designation of the most critical function of the building they are within.

OIT - Campus Support Center (CSC)

X X - Follow designation of the highest level of a supported entity on the campus.

INTRODUCTION 1-11

Facilities

Possible Designations

Notes

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es

Sy st em s R ed un da nc ie s

LS

P

OIT - Mission Support Center (MSC)

X X -

Default designation is LSP w/MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies. To be elevated to MC when supporting mission-critical production environment that directly supports patient care.

Outpatient Care (including Ambulatory Care, OPC, CBOC, HCC, multi-specialty, primary care, etc.)

X X X

Default designation is LSP. Refer to the list of VHA Strategic Planning Categories (Table 1-7) for determination of Designation. If the designation is raised due to services provided, request to lower the designation can be submitted for review/approval when there is identified alternate VA site of care.

Rehabilitation Medicine - Inpatient (Blind, PT/OT) X X -

To be designed to the same level as the highest building the facility serves (e.g., hospital, CLC, etc.)

Spinal Cord Injury/Disorders Center (SCID Center) - inpatient

X X -

To be designed to MC level for Acute and LSP w/MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies for long-term. To be designed to the same level as the highest building the facility serves (e.g., acute, CLC, etc.)

Sterile Processing Service X X X

To be designed to the same level as the highest buildings the Sterile Processing Service serves

INTRODUCTION 1-12

Facilities

Possible Designations

Notes

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es

Sy st em s R ed un da nc ie s

LS

P

Temporary Buildings X X X

Physical security requirements to be determined by AHJ on a case-by-case basis.

Warehouse

X X

Default designation is LSP. Designation must be upgraded to LSP w/ MC Utilities/Systems Redundancies when storage includes caches (all-hazards emergency cache, pharmacy cache), controlled and sensitive material/substances deemed critical to continuity of operation.

Water Tower, Utility Supply Storage Structure or structures supporting utilities

X X X

To be designed to the same level as the highest buildings the structure serves

INTRODUCTION 1-13

1.4.1.5 Partially Exempt Facilities: These facilities are exempt from specific requirements in this manual as indicated in Table 1-6 below . The facilities must comply with applicable requirements for LSP facilities in other chapters and sections.

Table 1-6 Partially Exempt Facilities

Partially Exempt Facilities

Exempt from Chapter 6 Building Envelope, Chapter 7 Structural System

Exempt from Section 3.3 Standoff Distance, Chapter 6 Building Envelope, Chapter 7 Structural System

Accessory Non-Building Structure

X

Fisher House with 24 or fewer units

X

Greenhouse (Freestanding)

X

Maintenance Storage (Non-biomedical Equipment and Non- Mission Critical Equipment Support)

X

Miscellaneous structure/facility not otherwise identified

X

Parking Garage X

Non-occupied structures (including flagpoles)

X

Toilets (Outhouse) X

Waste Storage (Non-hazardous)

X

INTRODUCTION 1-14

1.4.1.6 VHA Strategic Planning Categories / Designations: Table 1-7 provides the designations based on the services listed in the VHA Strategic Planning Categories:

Table 1-7 VHA Strategic Planning Categories/Designations:

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Physical Security & Resiliency Designations

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es /S ys te m s

Re du nd an ci es

LS

P

Amb Medical: Audiology and Speech x

Amb Medical: Cardiology

Amb Medical: Dialysis x

Amb Medical: Digestive/GI/Endoscopy - Office Visit

Amb Medical: Digestive/GI/Endoscopy - Procedure

Amb Medical: EEG/Neurology

Amb Medical: Endocrine/Metabolic and Diabetes

Amb Medical: NonSurg: All Other

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Allergy & Immunology

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Dermatology

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Infectious Diseases

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Nephrology

Amb Medical: NonSurg: Rheumatology

Amb Medical: Oncology - Office Visit

Amb Medical: Oncology - Procedure

Amb Medical: Pulmonary/Resp Care

INTRODUCTION 1-15

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Physical Security & Resiliency Designations

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es /S ys te m s

Re du nd an

Amb Medical: Rehab Medicine

Amb Mental Hlth: Homeless

Amb Mental Hlth: Intensive Community Mental Health Recovery Services (ICMHR)

Amb Mental Hlth: Mental Health Clinic - All Others

Amb Mental Hlth: Mental Health Clinic - Psychotherapy

Amb Mental Hlth: MH RRTP Outpatient

Amb Mental Hlth: MH RRTP Residential Stay

Amb Mental Hlth: Psychology Clinic - All Others

Amb Mental Hlth: Psychology Clinic - Psychotherapy

Amb Mental Hlth: Substance Abuse Clinic

Amb Mental Hlth: Work Therapy

Amb Surg: Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery x

Amb Surg: Colon Rectal Surgery x

Amb Surg: ENT x

Amb Surg: General and All Other Surgery x

Amb Surg: Neurological Surgery x

Amb Surg: Obstetrics & Gynecology x

INTRODUCTION 1-16

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Physical Security & Resiliency Designations

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es /S ys te m s

Re du nd an

Amb Surg: Plastic Surgery x

Amb Surg: Urology x

Amb Surg: Eye Clinic x

Amb Surg: Orthopedics x

Amb Surg: Podiatry x

Amb: Dental - Basic

Amb: Dental - Major x

Amb: Dental - Minor

Amb: Geriatrics

Amb: Laboratory and Pathology

Amb: Nuclear Medicine

Amb: Primary Care

Amb: Radiation Therapy

Amb: Radiology Note: Default designation is LSP. The designation can be upgraded to match the designation of the supported facility(s)/function(s).

Amb: Recreational Therapy

Amb: Urgent Care x

Blind Rehab - inpatient

INTRODUCTION 1-17

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Physical Security & Resiliency Designations

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es /S ys te m s

Re du nd an

Blind Rehab - outpatient

CLC - Long

CLC - Short

Home Hospice Care (Administrative Program)

Home Respite Care (Administrative Program)

Home Telehealth

Home-Based Primary Care

Homemaker/Home Health Aide Programs

Inpt Mental Hlth: General Compensated Work Therapy/Transitional Residence (Gen CWT/TR)

Inpt Mental Hlth: PRRP, PRRTP, SARRTP & Dom

Inpt Mental Hlth: Sustained Treatment and Rehab (STAR I II III) x

Inpt: Maternity Deliveries x

Inpt: Maternity Non-Deliveries x

Inpt: Medical x

Inpt: Observation Beds (47 hour) x

Inpt: Psychiatric x

Inpt: Substance Abuse x

Inpt: Surgical x

INTRODUCTION 1-18

VHA Strategic Planning Categories

Physical Security & Resiliency Designations

M C

LS

P w /M

C U til iti es /S ys te m s

Re du nd an

Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Recovery Center

Purchased Skilled Home Care

SCI&D Home Care

Spinal Cord Injury - outpatient

Spinal Cord Injury Centers - inpatient x

VA Adult Day Health Care

1.4.1.7 Other Considerations: This section addresses several specific building types and elements.

Low-occupancy housing with 12 occupants or fewer per building are exempt from the requirements of chapters 3, 6, and 7.

Physical security and resiliency requirements for temporary buildings must be determined on a case-by-case basis by the AHJ for overseeing implementation of physical security and resiliency requirements for the facility.

Buildings of type V construction (specifically light-frame wood or cold-formed steel framing structure) are exempt from specific blast-resistant design requirements for the Building Envelope and the Structural System. See Chapters 6 and 7, and Chapter 1 Annex for additional information.

1.4.2 Veterans Health Administration Criteria for Facilities and Services

The default physical security and resiliency designations are provided for various VHA facilities in section 1.4.1; however, there can be situations where these default designations may not be appropriate due to the site conditions, size, location, or other factors of the specific project. A request to deviate from the default designation (such as, from MC to LSP, or vice versa) may be made using the process to request deviation from baseline requirements as described in section 2.3 Exceptions and Deviations.

INTRODUCTION 1-19

When the VHA facility or service provides direct patient care, any deviation from the default designations (MC or LSP) must be based, at a minimum, on the patient care space and risk categories of NFPA 99, Healthcare Facilities Code, when applicable to the services provided in the facility. For reference, an excerpt of NFPA 99 may be found in the Chapter 1 Annex;

however, NFPA 99 be reviewed and complied with in full. A risk assessment considering the respective patient care/risk category must be included in the request for deviation to lower the designation of a VHA facility or service. See Chapter 1 Annex for additional information.

1.4.3 Veterans Benefit Administration Criteria for Facilities and Services

The default physical security and resiliency designation for VBA facilities and services are LSP.

For VBA leased facilities, including build-to-suit, new construction, and lease in an existing facility; see section 1.4.6 VA Leased Facilities.

1.4.4 National Cemetery Administration Criteria for Facilities and Services

National Cemeteries include facilities, both enclosed and open-air structures, and utilities.

While physical security and resiliency of NCA facilities and utilities is important, their unique nature and functions make many physical security and resiliency requirements less likely to be applicable in cemeteries than in VHA or VBA facilities. Table 1-2 lists the applicable requirements for each NCA facility type. Request for exceptions can be made in accordance with section 2.3 Exceptions and Deviations.

Table 1-8 National Cemetery Administration Criteria and Requirements

NCA Facility Type / Service

PSRDM Applicable Requirements Notes

Administration buildings:

• Visitor information

• Public restrooms

Section 3.2 Standoff Distance Section 3.6.2.1 Parking Section 6.3.1.1 Glass Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx A1-A3 Security Door Types Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

Section 3.6.2.1 does not apply to NCA staff parking.

Sufficient lighting must be provided for the operation of security systems in accordance with section 3.8 Site Lighting; such lighting must be mounted on the building exterior (not on poles or fences).

Lodges:

• Residential

• Non-residential

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx A1-A3 Security Door Types Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

None

INTRODUCTION 1-20

NCA Facility Type / Service

PSRDM Applicable Requirements Notes

Maintenance buildings:

• Employee buildings

• Workshops

• Storage for vehicles and equipment

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx A1-A3 Security Door Types Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

Provide security fencing to maintenance yard adjacent to maintenance buildings.

Sufficient lighting must be provided for the operation of security systems in accordance with section 3.8 Site Lighting. Such lighting must be mounted on the building exterior (not on poles or fences).

Columbarium:

• Walls and courts

• Open-air structure

None None

Committal shelter:

• roofed, open at sides

• storage closet

• open-air structure

None None

Water supply (for potable water, not irrigation):

• systems

• pump stations

• deep wells i

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx B Security System Application

Matrix

Provide security fencing to control access.

Fuel supply:

• stations

• tanks

Chapter 10 Security Systems Appx B Security System

Application Matrix

Provide security fencing to control access.

Site Section 3.3 Perimeter Barrier Where site conditions allow:

perimeter or boundary fencing beyond the entrance area is preferred but is a site-specific decision for NCA;

the entire cemetery of hundreds of acres may not be fenced when it is first established but incrementally as it is developed.

NOTE: All relevant requirements of Appendix A are listed in the National Cemetery Administration section of that appendix; relevant requirements of Appendix B are listed under Cemetery in that appendix.

1.4.5 VA Owned Facilities

All facilities that are owned and operated by VA must follow the requirements of this manual.

These baseline physical security and resiliency requirements apply to new buildings, additions, and existing facilities undergoing renovations and alterations. Table 2-1 Project Scopes/Requirements provides direction in the applicability of requirements for a wide range of project scopes.

INTRODUCTION 1-21

1.4.6 VA Leased Facilities

The implementation of physical security for leased facilities is to comply with the Interagency Security Committee (ISC) Risk Management Process. Leased facilities are not required to comply with physical security and resiliency requirements in this manual. For further information, please contact the Office of Real Property within the Office of Construction & Facilities Management.

1.5 Planning, Budgeting, and Programming for Physical Security and Resiliency

When establishing a design and a budget for a MC or LSP project, it is essential that physical security and resiliency are fully integrated into the program, rather than being an added requirement. When physical security and resiliency are treated as add-ons to an otherwise complete project, the costs for implementation will be significantly higher and/or the results less effective. As such, it is essential to establish the physical security and resiliency goals within the capital investment project application phase of the project and to ensure that the budget is set to reflect the physical security and resiliency requirements within the program goals.

1.5.1 Planning for Physical Security and Resiliency

Physical Security and resiliency must be incorporated in the Facility Master Plan (or equal) conducted by each VA facility. VHA conducts a Hazard Vulnerability Assessment (HVA) on all facilities; VBA risk assessments are completed by Office of Administration and Facilities Physical Security Specialist and VA Police; NCA risk assessments are conducted by the VA Police. The findings of risk and vulnerability assessments, prepared by the VA Police, Emergency Management Committee (EMC), or other, must be incorporated into the FMP.

Physical security and resiliency planning within the FMP is required to implement the standards of this manual. See Chapter 2 for the objectives and details of physical security and resiliency planning, risk analysis, and hazard vulnerability assessment.

1.5.2 Risk Assessment of VA Facilities

The risk assessment, mission impact assessment, and evaluation of the physical security and resiliency requirements for each project must be performed by qualified professional specialists/subject matter experts.