The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has awarded a 5-year, $709,236 Project Grant under the Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research program (CFDA 93.855) to Trustees of Indiana University, doing business as Indiana University Indianapolis, for research aimed at overcoming immunodominance to enable the development of universal influenza vaccines. The research project will investigate how nanoparticle-formulated Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist adjuvants can stimulate broadly protective antibody and humoral memory responses against both existing and future influenza strains by targeting subdominant epitopes. The project includes a sub-award to Purdue University to develop and characterize nanoparticle formulations of the TLR7 agonist resiquimod and incorporate cytokines to promote long-lived plasma and memory B cells. This research seeks to advance the understanding of mechanisms underlying immunodominance and breadth of humoral immunity, which will inform the rational design of universal influenza vaccines.