This National Science Foundation (NSF) project grant, funded under the agency's Mathematical and Physical Sciences (CFDA 47.049) program, supports a collaborative research effort between the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and Michigan State University. The $424,999 award aims to enhance the stability and performance of dual-ion batteries (DIBs) by modifying graphitic carbon electrode surfaces to promote protective interfaces and suppress harmful side reactions. The research team is investigating the use of ultrathin graphitic electrodes and computational simulations to gain a comprehensive understanding of the energy storage mechanisms in DIBs. This project aligns with NSF's mission to advance scientific knowledge and contribute to national prosperity through improved energy technologies. The award also includes an educational and outreach plan to provide learning opportunities in renewable energy science for graduate students, undergraduates, and K-12 Hispanic students. No subawards are planned for this grant.