This $375,036 National Science Foundation project grant under the Geosciences program (CFDA 47.050) will fund the development of a unified numerical model for bubble nucleation and growth in volcanic systems. Led by Lehigh University, researchers will conduct targeted experiments to inform a novel formulation capturing homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation processes. They will also create an ensemble bubble growth model using stochastic, iterative assignment of nucleation events within a 3D melt volume and tracking bubble cohorts using shell models. Combining the nucleation formulation with the growth model will result in a unified model allowing users to determine magma property evolution and infer in-conduit eruption conditions from eruptive products. The three-year award period begins August 1, 2022 and will strengthen understanding of explosive volcanic eruptions through quantitative modeling of the physical controls governing bubble nucleation and growth.